Loading...
10 - 2023-0814_-_Cooley_Dickinson_CD_Code_Report ©2023 Code Red Consultants, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Existing Building Code Evaluation Report Construction Documents Project: Cooley Dickinson Hospital Addition 30 Locust Street Northampton, MA 01060 Prepared for: Isgenuity 500 Harrison Avenue, Suite 5F Boston, MA 02118 August 14, 2023 August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 2 Table of Contents 1. Project Description ............................................................................................................................. 3 2. Applicable Codes ............................................................................................................................... 4 3. Existing Building Code Analysis ..................................................................................................... 5 3.1 MEBC Compliance Method & Classification of Work .......................................................... 5 3.2 NFPA 101, Life Safety Code Compliance ............................................................................... 6 4. Code Compliance Summary ............................................................................................................. 7 4.1 Use and Occupancy ................................................................................................................... 7 4.2 Construction Type and Height & Area ................................................................................... 7 4.3 Exterior Walls ............................................................................................................................. 8 4.4 Subdivision of Interior Spaces .................................................................................................. 9 4.5 Interior Walls & Partitions ...................................................................................................... 13 4.6 Vertical Openings ..................................................................................................................... 19 4.7 Interior Finish ........................................................................................................................... 19 4.8 Fire Protection and Emergency Systems............................................................................... 19 4.9 Means of Egress ........................................................................................................................ 21 4.10 Accessibility .............................................................................................................................. 26 4.11 Electrical .................................................................................................................................... 27 4.12 Mechanical ................................................................................................................................ 27 4.13 Energy ........................................................................................................................................ 27 4.14 Plumbing ................................................................................................................................... 27 August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 3 1. Project Description The project includes the renovation of approximately 19,000 square feet of the existing Emergency and Endoscopy departments and the addition of approximately 14,000 square feet on the Ground Floor. The renovated space and addition will serve as new Emergency and Endoscopy space for the hospital. The proposed renovation and addition design is shown below: FIGURE 1: PROPOSED RENOVATION AND ADDITION This report addresses the key features of these codes and standards. The primary intent of this document is to (1) coordinate the fire protection and life safety approach between all design disciplines, (2) demonstrate building, fire and life safety code compliance to the Authorities Having Jurisdiction, and (3) serve as a record document for the building owner. Details of compliance are left to the construction documents and the contractors. This report is intended to address code requirements as enforced by Authorities Having Jurisdiction only. It is the responsibility of the design team to ensure that any owner or insurance carrier requirements, which may exceed the provisions of the applicable codes and standards, are met. August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 4 2. Applicable Codes Building Code 780 CMR - Massachusetts State Building Code 9th Edition, which is an amended version of the 2015 International Building Code (IBC). 780 CMR 34.00 is deleted and replaced by the Massachusetts Existing Building Code (MEBC), which is an amended version of the 2015 International Existing Building Code (IEBC). Life Safety Code 2012 Edition of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code (NFPA 101) as adopted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Joint Commission. Fire Code 527 CMR - Massachusetts Comprehensive Fire Safety Code, which is an amended version of the 2021 Edition of NFPA 1, Fire Code. Plumbing Code 248 CMR 10.00 - Uniform State Plumbing Code. Electrical Code 527 CMR 12.00 – Massachusetts Electrical Code, which is an amended version of the 2020 Edition of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code. Mechanical Code 2015 International Mechanical Code (IMC) as amended by 780 CMR 28.00. Energy Code 225 CMR 23.00, Massachusetts Commercial Stretch Energy Code as adopted by Northampton, which is an amended version of the 2021 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) Accessibility Regulations 521 CMR - Architectural Access Board (AAB) Rules and Regulations 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design Unique Health Care Related Codes & Requirements 2012 Edition of NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code Joint Commission Accreditation Standards Other Various National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) codes and standards as referenced by the codes listed above August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 5 3. Existing Building Code Analysis Portions of an existing building undergoing repair, alteration, addition, or a change in use are subject to the requirements of the Massachusetts Existing Building Code (MEBC). In general, existing materials are permitted to remain provided they were installed in conformance with the requirements or approvals in effect at the time of original installation and are not deemed unsafe by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) (MEBC 302.3). All new work in existing buildings is required to comply with the materials and methods in accordance with 780 CMR or the applicable code for new construction unless otherwise specified by the MEBC (MEBC 702.6). Alterations to an existing building or portion thereof are not permitted to reduce the level of safety currently provided within the building unless the portion altered complies with the requirements of 780 CMR for new construction (MEBC 701.2). Except for structural work, where compliance with the requirements of the 780 CMR is impractical due to construction difficulties or regulatory conflicts, building officials are permitted to approve compliance alternatives. Any compliance alternatives being sought are required to be identified on the submittal documents (MEBC 104.11). Similarly, if strict compliance with NFPA 101 is impracticable, an equivalency with the Joint Commission (TJC) or waiver request with the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) can be sought, however this is typically done to address noncompliant existing conditions only. 3.1 MEBC Compliance Method & Classification of Work The MEBC has 3 different compliance methods that can be used to evaluate work within an existing building: • Prescriptive Method (MEBC Chapter 4) • Work Area Method (MEBC Chapters 5-11) • Performance Method (MEBC Chapter 14) The Work Area Compliance Method has been selected for use on this project (MEBC 301.1.2). The classification of work being performed within the existing buildings is considered a Level 2 Alteration since the work area will not exceed 50% of the aggregate building area (MEBC 505). The project will also include an Addition, defined as an increase in floor area, height, or number of stories of the building. The project will not be undergoing a change of occupancy per the MEBC as the First Floor renovation area will remain a Group I-2, Healthcare occupancy. Projects classified as a Level 2 Alteration are required to comply with the MEBC Chapter 7 (Level 1 Alterations) and Chapter 8 (Level 2 Alteration). The addition is required to comply with MEBC Chapter 11 and 780 CMR pertaining to new construction requirements. 3.1.1 Existing Means of Egress, Lighting and Ventilation The building official has the authority to cite the following conditions and require upgrades where they are deemed hazardous (780 CMR 102.6.4): 1. Inadequate number of egress August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 6 2. Egress components with insufficient width or so arranged to be inadequate, including signage and lighting 3. Inadequate lighting and ventilation Where full compliance with the requirements of 780 CMR for new construction is not practical, the building official may accept compliance alternatives, engineering, or other evaluations that adequately address the deficiency (MEBC 104.11). As the hospital is required to maintain these conditions as part of federal accreditation through the Joint Commission and CMS, it is our understanding that there are no outstanding citations regarding the existing means of egress, lighting, or ventilation. 3.2 NFPA 101, Life Safety Code Compliance The following Life Safety Code requirements are applicable to the Renovation of the space: 1. NFPA 101 43.4: Renovations The replacement in kind, strengthening, or upgrading of building elements, equipment, or fixtures for the purpose of maintaining such materials, elements, equipment, or fixtures in good or sound condition. • All new work is required to comply with NFPA 101 for the existing building. • The work completed is not permitted to make the building less conforming with other sections of NFPA 101, or with any previous approved alternative arrangements, than it was before the renovation was undertaken; • The capacity of means of egress is sufficient for the occupant load of the work area; • New interior finishes are required to meet the requirements for new construction. 2. NFPA 101 43.5: Modifications The reconfiguration of any space; the addition, relocation, or elimination of any door or window; the addition or elimination of load-bearing elements; the reconfiguration or extension of any system; or the installation of any additional equipment • Newly constructed elements, components, and systems are required to comply with NFPA 101 for new construction; • The work area is less than 50% of the area of the building and therefore compliance with NFPA 101 Section 43.6 is not required. 3. NFPA 101 43.8: Additions An increase in the building area, aggregate floor area, building height, or number of stories of a structure. • The addition is required to comply with NFPA 101 for new construction for the applicable occupancy; • The existing portion of the building is required to comply with the existing building requirements of NFPA 101 for the existing occupancy; • The addition is not permitted to create or extend any non-conformity regarding the fire safety and means of egress of the existing building; • The addition is not permitted to increase the height of the existing building beyond that permitted under the new construction provisions of NFPA 101; August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 7 • Existing compartment areas without an approved separation from the addition are required to be protected with an automatic sprinkler system where the combined areas would require an automatic sprinkler system. 4. Code Compliance Summary 4.1 Use and Occupancy 4.1.1 Primary Occupancies The Use and Occupancy of the building will be unchanged as part of the project. The following table shows the occupancy classifications for the renovation and addition. Description Building Code Occupancy (780 CMR Ch. 3) Life Safety Code Occupancy (NFPA 101 Ch. 6) Location Hospital Group I-2 Health Care Ground Floor Waiting Rooms > 750 SF Group A-3 Assembly Ground Floor TABLE 1: OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS 4.2 Construction Type and Height & Area As the project includes an addition, a revised height and area analysis is required (MEBC 1102.1). The existing portion of the hospital where the addition will occur consists of Type IB [Type II (222)] construction. Therefore, the addition is required to be constructed of Type IB [Type II(222)] construction such that a building separation is not required. This construction type is consistent with the requirements of 780 Section 407.1.1 and Massachusetts General Law Ch. 111, Section 51 and 71, which minimally require all hospitals to be of Type IB Construction. Minimally, a Type IB building of Group I-2/A-3 occupancies is permitted to be 180 feet in height, 5 stories above grade, with an unlimited area. As the addition does not increase the building height beyond these thresholds, the addition is permitted. The project will comply with the height and area requirements for new construction. The required fire-resistance ratings of the structural members are shown in the following table. August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 8 Fire Resistance Rating of Building Elements Construction Fire Resistance Rating Building Element Type IB [Type II(222)] Primary Structural Frame1 Columns Supporting Floors 2 Hours Structural members with direct connections to columns supporting floors, including girders, beams, trusses and spandrels 2 Hours Members of the floor construction having direct connections to the columns 2 Hours Bracing members that are essential to the vertical stability of the primary structural frame under gravity loading regardless of whether or not the bracing member carries gravity loads are considered part of the primary structural frame. 2 Hours Interior bearing walls1 2 Hours Exterior bearing walls 2 Hours Floor construction and secondary members2 2 Hours Roof construction and secondary members2 1 Hours TABLE 2: FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS OF BUILDING ELEMENTS 4.3 Exterior Walls 4.3.1 Fire-Resistance Rating and Allowable Openings The rating and opening limitations for new or altered nonbearing exterior walls are based on the fire separation distance for each wall. Fire separation distance is defined as the distance measured from the building face to the closest interior lot line, the centerline of a street, alley, or public way, or to an imaginary lot line between two building (780 CMR 202). The distance is required to be measured at right angles from the face of the wall. The following table indicates the fire-resistance ratings and opening limitations required for the exterior walls based on fire separation distance (780 CMR 602 & 705.8). 1 Fire-resistance ratings of primary structural frame and bearing walls are permitted to be reduced by 1 hour where supporting a roof only. 2 Secondary members include: (1) Structural members not having direct connections to the columns; (2) Members of the floor construction not having direct connections to the columns; and (3) Bracing members other than those that are part of the primary structural frame. August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 9 Nonbearing Exterior Walls Fire Separation Distance (ft) Rating Group I-2/A-3 Allowable Area of Unprotected Openings 0 ≤ X < 3 1 Hour Not Permitted 3 ≤ X < 5 1 Hour 15% 5 ≤ X < 10 1 Hour 25% 10 ≤ X < 15 1 Hour 45% 15 ≤ X < 20 1 Hour 75% 20 ≤ X < 30 0 Hour No Limit X ≥ 30 0 Hour No Limit TABLE 3: NONBEARING EXTERIOR WALL FIRE RATING AND OPENING LIMITATIONS Where walls and unprotected openings enclose the exterior of exit stairways and the walls are exposed to other parts of the building at an angle of less than 180 degrees, the building exterior walls and openings within 10 feet horizontally of a nonrated wall or unprotected opening are required to have a fire-resistance rating of not less than 1-hour with 45-minute opening protection. The construction is required to extend vertically from the ground to a point 10 feet above the topmost landing of the stairway or the roof line, whichever is lower (780 CMR 1023.7). 4.4 Subdivision of Interior Spaces 4.4.1 Smoke Compartments The existing smoke compartment scheme on the Ground Floor will be affected as part of the renovation. The existing smoke compartments within the proposed renovation and addition area is clouded in the following figure: August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 10 FIGURE 2: EXISTING SMOKE COMPARTMENTS All Use Group I-2 (Healthcare) occupancies in the building are required to be subdivided by smoke barriers into smoke compartments as follows (780 CMR 407.5; NFPA 101, 18.3.7): • To divide every story used by inpatients for sleeping or treatment into not less than two smoke compartments; • To divide every story having an occupant load of 50 or more persons, regardless of use, into not less than 2 smoke compartments; • Stories classified as other than Group I-2 occupancies and separated with a horizontal assembly meeting the smoke barrier requirements located 1 level below a healthcare occupancy are required to be subdivided by a smoke barrier; and • Stories containing other than Group I-2 occupancies that are located above a healthcare occupancy are not required to be subdivided by a smoke barrier. Smoke compartments are required to be designed in accordance with the following: • Limit the size of each smoke compartment to 22,500 square feet in area; • Limit the travel distance from any point in a smoke compartment to reach a door in the smoke compartment boundary to 200 feet; • Provide a refuge area of not less than 30 net ft2 per patient within the aggregate area of the corridors, patient rooms, treatment rooms, lounge or dining areas, and other low hazard areas on each size of the smoke barrier. On stories not housing patients confined to a bed, at least 6 net ft2 per occupant is required to be August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 11 provided on each side of the smoke barrier for the total number of occupants in adjoining smoke compartments. The new smoke compartmentation scheme is shown on the project Life Safety Plans. 4.4.2 Suites Groups of patient sleeping or treatment rooms within healthcare occupancies are permitted to be designed as “suites” to alleviate specific corridor requirements within. The proposed renovation and addition area contains several existing suites which will be reconfigured as part of the renovation. The existing suites are shown in the following figure: FIGURE 3: EXISTING SUITE CONFIGURATION Where used, suites are required to be arranged in accordance with the following: August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 12 • Exit access from all portions of a building not classified as a suite is not permitted to pass through the suite (780 CMR 407.4.4.1). • The travel distance from any habitable room to the suite exit access door is not permitted to be greater than 100 feet and is not permitted to pass more than three doors (780 CMR 407.4.4.3 & NFPA 101, 18.2.5.7.2.4(A)); • Healthcare suites are required to be separated from other portions of the building in accordance with Section 4.5.1 of this report (780 CMR 407.4.4.2). • The subdivision of suites is permitted to be achieved with non-fire rated, noncombustible, or limited combustible partitions (NFPA 101, 18.2.5.7.1.4). The proposed renovation will create new suites as shown in the project Life Safety Plans. 4.4.2.1 Sleeping Suites Patient sleeping areas are permitted to be divided into suites. Egress from the suite to the corridor is permitted to pass through a maximum of one intervening room if one of the following conditions are met (780 CMR 1014.2.3): • The intervening room within the suite is not used as an exit access for more than eight patient beds. • The arrangement of the suite allows for direct and constant visual supervision by nursing personnel. • An automatic smoke detection system is provided in the sleeping rooms and installed in accordance with NFPA 72 Sleeping suites are required to be arranged in accordance with the following (780 CMR 407.4.4.5; NFPA 101, 18.2.6.2): • Maximum area: 7,500 ft2 o The maximum size of a sleeping suite is permitted to be increased to 10,000 ft2 where both direction patient supervision and smoke detection are provided throughout the suite. • Maximum area before two means of exit access required: 1,000 ft2 • Maximum travel distance to suite exit access doors: o From sleeping room: 50 ft o From any other point in suite: 100 ft 4.4.2.2 Non-Sleeping Suites Non-sleeping suites are required to be arranged in accordance with the following (780 CMR 407.4.4.6 & NFPA 101 18.2.5.7.3): • Maximum area: 10,000 ft2 • Maximum area before two means of exit access required: 2,500 ft2 • Maximum travel distance to suite exit access doors: 100 ft • Travel through one intervening room: 100 ft • Travel through two intervening rooms: 50 ft August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 13 4.4.3 Corridors Corridors in Use Group I-2 (Healthcare) occupancies are required to be continuous to the exits provided in the building and separated from other area by construction outlined in Section 4.5.1 of this report. The following spaces are permitted to be open to corridors where all provisions below are met (780 CMR 407.2; NFPA 101, 18.3.6.1): • Waiting and similar areas: o The space is not occupied for patient sleeping rooms, treatment rooms, hazardous areas or incidental accessory occupancies; o The open space is protected by an automatic fire detection system in accordance with 780 CMR Section 907; o The corridors onto which the space is open to in the same smoke compartment are protected with an automatic fire detection system in accordance with 780 CMR Section 907, or the entire smoke compartment is protected with quick response sprinklers in accordance with 780 CMR Section 903.3.2; and o The space is arranged such that access to the required exits is not obstructed. • Nurses Stations: o Spaces for doctors’ and nurses’ charting, communications, and related clerical areas are permitted to be open to the corridor when such spaces are constructed as required for corridors. • Psychiatric treatment areas: o Where patients are housed, or group or multipurpose therapeutic spaces and are under continuous supervision by facility staff are permitted to be open to the corridor; o Each area does not exceed 1,500 square feet; o The area is equipped with automatic fire detection in accordance with the requirements of 780 CMR Section 907.2; o Not more than one such space is located in each smoke compartment. 4.5 Interior Walls & Partitions 4.5.1 Fire/Smoke Resistive Assemblies The following table outlines the interior walls and partitions that are required to be composed of fire/smoke resistive assemblies. August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 14 Type of Assembly Construction Code Reference Special Rooms/Incidental Uses Non-sprinklered Electrical Room 2-hour Fire Barrier NFPA 13, 8.15.10.3 Emergency Electrical Room 2-hour Fire Barrier NFPA 70, 700.10(D) Emergency Generator Room 2-hour Fire Barrier NFPA 110, 7.2.1.1 Dry Type Transformer Room > 112.5 kVA 1-hour Fire Barrier NFPA 70, 450.21(B) Med Gas Storage > 3,000 ft3 1-hour Fire Barrier NFPA 99, 5.1.3.3.2 Group I-2 Health Care Occupancies Corridors Smoke Partition (780 CMR) Smoke Tight (NFPA 101) 780 CMR 407.3 NFPA 101, 18.3.6.2 Health Care Occupancy Separations 2-hour Fire Barrier 780 CMR 508.4 NFPA 101, 18.1.3.4.1 Suite Separations Smoke Partition (780 CMR); Smoke Tight (NFPA 101) 780 CMR 407.4.4.2 NFPA 101, 18.2.5.7.1.4 Smoke Compartments 1-hour Smoke Barrier 780 CMR 407.5 NFPA 101, 18.3.7.3 Storage Rooms > 100 ft2 w/combustible material 1-hour Fire Barrier NFPA 101, 18.3.2.1 Storage rooms > 50 ft2 but less than 100 ft2 Smoke Partition NFPA 101, 18.3.2.1 Soiled Linen Rooms > 64 gal volume 1-hour Fire Barrier NFPA 101, 18.3.2.1 Boiler and fuel-fired heater rooms 1-hour Fire Barrier NFPA 101, 18.3.2.1 Trash Collection Rooms > 64 gal volume 1-hour Fire Barrier NFPA 101, 18.3.2.1 Laboratories not classified as Group H 1-hour Fire Barrier 780 CMR 509 Patient rooms equipped with padded surfaces 1-hour Fire Barrier 780 CMR 509 TABLE 4: FIRE-RESISTANCE RATED WALL ASSEMBLIES Existing rated partitions that are not impacted by the proposed scope of renovation work are permitted to remain in their existing condition. The following table outline the wall assemblies above. Type of Assembly Description Fire Barrier (780 CMR 707.5) (NFPA 101, 8.3) Wall construction is required to extend from the floor or foundation below to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, slab or deck above. They are required to be continuous through concealed spaces, such as those above ceiling. Smoke Barrier (780 CMR 709.4) (NFPA 101, 18.3.7.3) Walls are required to be continuous from outside wall to outside wall and are required to extend from the floor or foundation below to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, slab or deck above. They are required to be continuous through concealed spaces, such as those above ceiling, and interstitial and structural mechanical spaces that are not separated with a horizontal assembly meeting the smoke barrier requirements. Smoke Partition (780 CMR 710.4) (NFPA 101, 18.3.2.1) Walls are capable of resisting the passage of smoke and extend from the underside of the floor below to the deck above or at ceiling that is part of fire resistance rated floor or roof assembly. Doors are required to be self or automatic closing upon detection of smoke and August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 15 without air transfer openings. HVAC air transfer openings are only permitted if protected with smoke dampers. Smoke Tight (780 CMR 509.4.2) (NFPA 101, 18.3.6.1) Walls are required to extend from the top of the foundation or floor below to the underside of the floor or roof sheathing, deck or slab above or to the underside of ceiling membrane that is constructed to limit the transfer of smoke. TABLE 5: FIRE/SMOKE RESISTIVE ASSEMBLY TYPES There is an existing 2-hour fire barrier separating the business and café space from the remainder of the healthcare space. This barrier will become part of the work area and as a result, will require re-evaluation to maintain its continuity. As the area on the plan south side of the barrier (plan south of the proposed work area) contains a vertical opening that is not permitted to be open to a healthcare space, the barrier is required to be maintained and reconfigured as necessaryIdentification Where there is an accessible concealed floor, floor-ceiling or attic space – fire barriers, smoke barriers, and smoke partitions, or any other wall required to have protected openings or penetrations will be permanently identified with signs/stenciling within the concealed space (780 CMR 703.7). Identification will: • Be located within 15 feet of the end of each wall and at intervals not exceeding 30 feet measured horizontally along the wall or partition. • Include lettering not less than 3 inches in height with a minimum 3/8 inch stroke in a contrasting color incorporating the suggested wording “FIRE AND/OR SMOKE BARRIER – PROTECT ALL OPENINGS”. 4.5.2 Fire and Smoke Doors Fire and smoke doors are required to protect openings in fire and smoke rated walls. Fire door assemblies are required to be installed in accordance with NFPA 80. Side- hinged or pivoted swinging fire doors are required to be tested in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10C (780 CMR 716.5.1). Other types of doors are required to be tested in accordance with NFPA 252 or UL 10B. The table below summarizes the rating requirements for fire and smoke doors based on the wall types and ratings the openings protect, including key hardware requirements: August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 16 Fire and Smoke Door Rating Summary Table (780 CMR 716.5 & NFPA 101 8.3.4.2) Type of Assembly Wall Rating Door Rating Latching Hardware Auto/Self Closing Max Undercut Fire Barriers with a rating of 2 hours (including Horizontal Exits) 2 Hours 1½ Hours X X ¾” Shafts, exit enclosures, and exit passageway walls 2 Hours 1½ Hours X X ¾” Fire Barriers with a rating of 1 hour (Shafts, Exit Enclosures, Exit Passageway) 1 Hour 1 Hour X X ¾” Other Fire Barriers with a rating of 1 hour 1 Hour ¾ Hour X X ¾” Smoke Barriers (780 CMR 407.5 & NFPA 101 18.3.7.5) 1 Hour 1/3 Hour X Except cross- corridor X ¾” Smoke Partitions – Corridor Walls (780 CMR 407.3.1 & NFPA 101 18.3.6.3) Smoke Tight Limit smoke transfer X 1” Smoke Partitions – Hazardous Areas (780 CMR 509.4.2 & NFPA 101 18.3.2.1.3)3 Smoke Tight Smoke Tight X X ¾” Elevator Lobbies (780 CMR 3006.2 & 3006.3) Smoke Tight (or Smoke Guard Elevator Doors) Limit smoke transfer per UL 1784 X X ¾” TABLE 6: FIRE AND SMOKE DOORS 4.5.3 Fire and Smoke Dampers Fire and smoke dampers are required where ducts and air transfer openings penetrate walls as specified in Table 7. Where dampers are installed, they are required to be listed and bear the label of an approved testing agency. Fire dampers are required to be tested in accordance with UL 555 while smoke dampers are required to be tested in accordance with UL 555S. Combination fire and smoke dampers are required to comply with both test standards. 3 If the hazardous area is required to be rated per the previous table, see “Other Fire Barriers with a rating of 1 hour”. August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 17 Fire dampers are required to be rated for 1.5 hours unless they are installed in a 3-hour assembly, in which case they are required to be 3-hour rated (780 CMR 717.3.2.1). Smoke dampers are required to automatically close upon the actuation of a listed smoke detector or detectors and one of the following methods (780 CMR 717.3.3.2): • Where a smoke detector is installed within a duct, it should be within 5’ of the damper with no air outlets or inlets between the detector and damper. • Where the smoke damper is installed above smoke barrier doors, a spot type detector listed for releasing service should be installed on either side of the doors. • Where a smoke damper is installed within an air transfer opening, a spot type detector listed for releasing service should be installed within 5’ horizontally of the damper. • Where a smoke damper is installed in a corridor wall or ceiling, the damper is permitted to be controlled by a smoke detection system installed in the corridor. • Where a total coverage smoke detector system is provided within areas served by a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system, smoke dampers are permitted to be controlled by the smoke detection system. Smoke and fire dampers are required to be provided with an approved means of access that permits inspection and maintenance of the damper and its operating parts. Access points are required to have permanent labels with letters that are not less than ½” in height that read “FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER, SMOKE DAMPER, or FIRE DAMPER” (780 CMR 717.4). August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 18 Wall Type Fire Damper Smoke Damper Code Reference(s) Smoke Barrier Not Required Required 780 CMR 717.5.5 Exceptions: 1. Smoke dampers are not required where ducts openings are limited to a single smoke compartment and the ducts are constructed of steel. 2. Smoke dampers are not required in Group I-2 where the HVAC system is fully ducted in accordance with the IMC and where buildings are equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system and quick- response sprinklers. Fire Barrier Required Not Required 780 CMR 717.5.2 Exceptions: 1. Where listed as part of approved assembly per ASTM E119 or UL263. 2. Ducts are used as part of an approved smoke control system and fire damper would interfere with the operation of the smoke control system. 3. Fully ducted systems (No.26 Gage steel minimum) that penetrate walls with a 1-hour rating or less where the building is fully sprinkler protected and located in other than Use Group H Occupancies. Shaft Required Required 780 CMR 717.5.2 & 717.5.5 Fire Damper Exceptions: 1. Where steel exhaust subducts extend 22 inches or more vertically and there is continuous ventilation upward to the outside; or 2. Where penetrations are listed as part of approved assembly per ASTM E119 or UL 263; or 3. Ducts are used as part of an approved smoke control system and fire damper would interfere with the operation of the smoke control system 4. At penetrations of exhaust or supply shafts in parking garages that are separated from other building shafts by a 2-hour fire resistance rating Smoke Damper Exceptions: 1. In Use Group B and R fully sprinklered occupancies: Kitchen, clothes dryer, bathroom and toilet exhaust openings with steel exhaust sub ducts having a minimum No. 26 gage thickness that extended 22 inches vertically and having an exhaust fan at the upper terminus of the shaft that is continuously powered per 909.11. 2. At penetrations of exhaust or supply shafts in parking garages that are separated from other building shafts by a 2-hour fire resistance rating. 3. Where ducts are used as part of an approved smoke control system per Section 909 and where the damper will interfere with the operation of the smoke control system Fire/Smoke Damper Exceptions: 1. Fire dampers and combination fire/smoke dampers are not required in kitchen and clothes dryer exhaust systems where installed in accordance with the mechanical code. Smoke Partition Not Required Required at air transfer openings only and at all duct penetrations of elevator lobbies and corridors with smoke and draft control doors 780 CMR 717.5.7, 717.5.4.1 via 780 CMR 3006.3 Exceptions: Where ducts are used as part of an approved smoke control system per Section 909 and where the damper will interfere with the operation of the smoke control system TABLE 7: FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER REQUIREMENTS August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 19 4.5.4 Third Party Firestopping Inspections 780 CMR Section 1705.17 requires a special inspector for through-penetrations, membrane penetration firestops, fire-resistance joint systems, and perimeter fire barrier systems that are tested and listed where required by 780 CMR Chapter 7. The code states that the inspections are to be performed in accordance with two ASTM Standards; ASTM E2174 governs penetration firestop systems and ASTM E2393 applies to joint systems. Some highlights on how the inspections are to be performed include: • Inspector is to witness the installation of 10% of each type of firestop system or perform destructive testing of 2% of each type of firestop system per floor or for each area of a floor when a floor is larger than 10,000 ft2. • Complete submittals showing all listed firestop assemblies are required to be provided to the inspector before they perform their inspections. This includes any engineering judgements that may be needed for assemblies which don’t meet all the details of a listed assembly. 4.6 Vertical Openings No vertical openings will be impacted due to the scope of work associated with the project. No new vertical openings will be created as part of the project. 4.7 Interior Finish Newly constructed interior wall and ceiling finish ratings are classified in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723 (780 CMR 803.1.1; NFPA 101, 10.2.2.1). The flame-spread and smoke- developed indexes are required to not be greater than that specified in the table below based on the occupancy classifications. Occupancy Exit Enclosures Corridors Rooms and Enclosed Spaces Group I-2/Health Care B B B4 A-3/Assembly B B C TABLE 8: INTERIOR FINISH REQUIREMENTS In all areas, interior floor covering materials are required to comply with the requirements of the DOC FF-1 “pill test” (CPSC 16 CFR Part 1630) (780 CMR 804.4.1). 4.8 Fire Protection and Emergency Systems 4.8.1 Automatic Sprinkler System The existing building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system (780 CMR 903.2 & NFPA 101 18.3.7.2). The level of protection is required to be maintained as part of the project (MEBC 603.1). Any modifications to the existing sprinkler systems are 4 Class C materials are permitted to be used in administrative spaces and rooms with a capacity of 4 persons or less. August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 20 required to meet new construction requirements of NFPA 13 (2013 Edition) and 527 CMR relative to their installation. The addition is required to be sprinklered throughout in accordance with NFPA 13 (780 CMR 903.2). Smoke compartments containing patient sleeping units are required to be provided with approved quick response sprinklers or residential sprinklers (780 CMR 407.6). All sprinklers in the same compartment are required to be of the same response. NFPA 13 (2010 & 2013 Edition) Section 3.3.6 defines a compartment as a space completely enclosed by walls and a ceiling. A new outdoor canopy is proposed for the project. If the canopy is tied to the primary structure of the building, it is required to consist of Type IB [Type II(222)] construction in accordance with Section 4.2 of this report. In addition, the following requirements associated with fire protection of the canopy is required. Sprinkler protection is required under canopies greater than 2 feet wide over areas where combustibles are stored (NFPA 13 8.15.7.5). Additionally, sprinkler protection is required under the exterior canopy where it projects more than 4 feet unless one of the following is true (NFPA 13 8.15.7.1): • Where the canopy is constructed of noncombustible, limited combustible, or fire retardant-treated wood as defined in NFPA 703. • Where the canopy has exposed finish material is noncombustible, limited- combustible, or fire retardant-treated wood as defined in NFPA 703 and the canopy contains only sprinklered concealed spaces or (1) combustible concealed spaces filled with non-combustible insulation (2) light or ordinary hazard occupancies where noncombustible or limited combustible ceilings are directly attached to the bottom of solid wood joists to create enclosed joist spaces 160 cubic feet or less (3) concealed spaces over isolated small canopies not exceeding 55 square feet. 4.8.2 Fire Extinguishers Portable fire extinguishers are required in all occupancies within the building and must be selected and installed in accordance with this section and NFPA 10 (780 CMR 906.1). Coverage is required to comply with NFPA 10 and 780 CMR including the following locations: • Within 30 feet of commercial cooking equipment. • Special hazard areas, including laboratories, computer rooms and generator rooms, where required by the fire official. The maximum travel distance to an extinguisher for Class A fire hazards (ordinary combustibles) is not permitted to exceed 75 feet. August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 21 4.8.3 Fire Alarm System An existing approved fire alarm system is installed throughout the building (780 CMR 903.4.2, 907.2.2 & NFPA 101 18.3.4.1). The level of protection is required to be maintained as part of the renovation project (MEBC 703.1). All new fire alarm devices and any modifications to the existing fire alarm system are required to meet new construction requirements of NFPA 72 (2013 Edition) and 527 CMR relative to their installation. The addition is required to be provided with a fire alarm system throughout (780 907.2.6). An automatic smoke detection system is required to be installed in the following locations: • At the fire alarm control unit(s) (NFPA 72, 10.4.4); • In waiting and similar areas that are open to corridors as required by 780 CMR Section 407.2.1 • At nurses’ stations open to corridors as required by 780 CMR Section 407.2.2 • In psychiatric treatment areas open to the corridor in accordance with 780 CMR Section 407.2.3 4.8.4 Standby/Emergency Power The existing building is provided with both standby and emergency power systems. The power systems serve the following building features (780 CMR 2702.2): • Exit signage in accordance with 780 CMR Section 1013.6.3 • Means of egress illumination in accordance with 780 CMR Section 1008.3 • Essential electrical systems for Group I-2 occupancies in accordance with 780 CMR 407.10 • Automatic fire detection systems • Fire alarm systems The level of protection is required to be maintained as part of the renovation project (MEBC 703.1). 4.8.5 Emergency Responder Radio Coverage The addition is required to be provided with emergency responder radio coverage in accordance with 780 CMR Section 916. 4.9 Means of Egress 4.9.1 Occupant Load The number of occupants is computed at the rate of one occupant per unit of area as prescribed in the following table (780 CMR 1004.1.2 & NFPA 101 7.3.1.2). The occupant load is permitted to be increased from the occupant load established for the given use where all other requirements of 780 CMR and NFPA 101 are met (780 CMR 1004.2 & August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 22 NFPA 101 7.3.1.3.1). Where approved by the building official, the actual number of occupants for whom each occupied space, floor or building is designed, although less than calculated using the factors in the table below, is permitted to be used in the determination of the design occupant load (780 CMR 1004.1.2). Function of Space Occupant Load Factor (ft2/occupant) Assembly – Standing Space 5 net Assembly – Concentrated (chairs only) 7 net Assembly – Unconcentrated (tables and chairs) 15 net Locker Rooms 50 gross Business Areas 100 gross Outpatient Areas 100 gross Patient Sleeping Areas 120 gross Inpatient Treatment Areas 240 gross Accessory Storage, Building Service Areas 300 gross TABLE 9: OCCUPANT LOAD FACTORS 4.9.2 Egress Capacity The required egress capacity for any means of egress component is based on the following capacity factors (780 CMR 1005.3, NFPA 101 7.3.3.1): Egress Width Factors Stairways (inches of width per person) All Other Components (inches of width per person) 0.30 0.20 TABLE 10: EGRESS WIDTH FACTORS 4.9.3 Number of Exits The number of exits required from every space is not permitted to be less than that specified in the table below (780 CMR 1006.3.1; NFPA 101, 7.4.1). Occupant Load Number of Exits Required 1 – 500 2 501 – 1,000 3 > 1,000 4 TABLE 11: NUMBER OF EXITS REQUIRED 4.9.4 Exit Access Two exits or exit access doorways are required to be provided from any space where the occupant load or common path of travel distances in the following table are exceeded (780 CMR 1006.2.1; NFPA 101, 7.4.1.1): August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 23 Occupancy Maximum Occupant Load Maximum Common Path of Travel Distance I-2 10 75 feet A-3 49 75 feet TABLE 12: SPACES WITH ONE EXIT OR EXIT ACCESS DOOR Where two exits or exit access doorways are required from any portion of the exit access as outlined above, the exit doors or exit access doorways are required to be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one-third of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the building or area served, measured from the closest points in the exit access doorways (780 CMR 1007.1.1(2); NFPA 101, 7.5.1.3.3). Two exit access doorways are required in boiler, incinerator, and furnace rooms where the area is over 500 square feet and any fuel-fired equipment exceeds 400,000 British thermal unit input capacity (780 CMR 1006.2.2.1). For these spaces, the exit doors or exit access doorways are required to be placed a distance apart equal to not less than one- half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal dimension of the area served. 4.9.5 Allowable Travel Distances The travel distances for the project are not permitted to exceed those specified below (780 CMR 1006.2.1, 1017.2, 1020.4 & NFPA 101 Table A.7.6). Allowable Travel Distances Occupancy Common Path of Travel Travel Distance Dead End Corridors Group I-2 75 ft. 200 ft. 20 ft. Group A-3 75 ft. 250 ft. 20 ft. TABLE 13: MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TRAVEL DISTANCES 4.9.6 Corridors The width of corridors/suite passageways will not be less than that specified below (780 CMR 1020.2). Minimum Corridor Width Occupancy Minimum Width Access to and utilization of MEP equipment 24 inches With a required occupancy capacity < 50 people 36 inches I-2 areas where required for bed movement 96 inches I-2 adjunct areas not intended for housing, treating, or use of inpatients; and within suites 44 inches Outpatient care areas with gurney traffic 72 inches All other areas 44 inches TABLE 14: MINIMUM CORRIDOR WIDTH August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 24 4.9.7 Doors Doors are required to have a minimum clear width of not less than 32 inches. Where serving a Group I-2 occupancy and used for the movement of beds, egress doors are to have a minimum clear width of 41.5 inches (780 CMR 1010.1; NFPA 101 7.2.1.2.3 and 18.2.3.6). Manual operated sliding doors are permitted to be used for patient rooms and other means of egress wherever serving an occupant load of 10 or less people (780 CMR 1010.1.2(9); NFPA 101, 7.2.1.4.1(4)(c)). Where serving corridors within health care occupancies, careful consideration should be taken as these manually operated sliding doors are required to positively latch (780 CMR 407.3.1; NFPA 101, 18.3.6.3.5). In other than Group A-3/Assembly occupancies, approved delayed egress locks are permitted to be used as a means to secure means of egress doors provided the doors comply with 780 CMR Section 1010.1.9.7 and NFPA 101 Section 7.2.1.6.1. A building occupant is not permitted to pass through more than one door equipped with a delayed egress lock before entering an exit, with the exception of Group I-2 occupancies where the combined delay of two doors does not exceed 30 seconds (780 CMR 1010.1.9.7; NFPA 101 18.2.2.2.4). In Group I-2 Occupancies, approved controlled egress locks are permitted where the clinical needs of persons receiving care requires such locking and the following conditions are met. It should be noted that items 1 through 3 listed below do not apply to doors in areas where the clinical needs of persons require restraint or containment as part of the function as a mental hospital (780 CMR 1010.1.9.6; NFPA 101 18.2.2.2.5). 1. The doors unlock upon the actuation of the automatic sprinkler system or automatic fire alarm system; 2. The doors unlock upon the loss of power controlling the lock or lock mechanism; 3. The door locks have the capability of being unlocked by a signal from the fire command center, a nursing station, or other approved location; 4. The procedures for operating the unlocking system are required to be described and approved as part of the emergency planning and preparedness required by Chapter 4 of the IFC; 5. All clinical staff are required to have keys, codes, or other means necessary to operate the locking devices at all times; 6. Only one locking device shall be permitted on each door; 7. Emergency lighting is provided at the door; and 8. The door locking system units are required to be listed per UL 294. 4.9.8 Exit Enclosures Exit enclosures are not permitted to be used for any purpose other than means of egress (780 CMR 1023.1, NFPA 101 7.1.3.2.3). Openings through an exit enclosure are prohibited except for required exit doors from normally occupied spaces and for egress from the enclosure (780 CMR 1023.4). Penetrations into and openings through an exit August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 25 enclosure are limited to the equipment serving the stair in accordance with 780 CMR Section 1023.5 and NFPA 101 Section 7.1.3.2.1. 4.9.9 Exit Discharge A maximum of 50 percent of the number and capacity of exit enclosures are permitted to egress through areas on the level of exit discharge (780 CMR 1028.1 Exception 1, NFPA 101 7.7.2). All other exits are required to discharge directly to the exterior. Where exit enclosures egress through areas on the level of exit discharge, the following must be met: • Occupants are provided with a free and unobstructed path of travel to an exterior egress door and such exits are readily visible and identifiable from the point of termination of the exit enclosure. • The entire area of the level of exit discharge is separated from areas below by construction having a fire rating equivalent to the exit enclosure served. • All portions of the egress path are sprinkler protected. 4.9.10 Accessible Means of Egress Accessible means of egress are not required within existing buildings. However, the addition will require accessible means of egress. Where more than one means of egress is required from any accessible space, the space must be serviced by not less than two accessible means of egress (780 CMR 1009.1). 4.9.11 Exit Signage Exit and exit access doors are required to be marked by an approved exit sign readily visible from any direction of egress travel (780 CMR 1013.1; NFPA 101 18.2.10.1 & 7.10). The path of egress travel to exits and within exits are required to be marked by readily visible exit signs to clearly indicate the direction of egress travel where the exit or path of travel is not immediately visible. Exit signs within corridors and exit passageways are required to be placed such that no point is more than 100 feet or the listed viewing distance for the sign, whichever is less, from the nearest visible exit sign. Exit signs are not required in rooms or areas that require only one exit or means of exit access or at main exterior exit doors that are obviously and clearly identifiable as exits where approved by the building official. 4.9.12 Egress Illumination The means of egress, including the exit discharge, are required to be illuminated at all times the building served by the means of egress is occupied (780 CMR 1008.1; NFPA 101, 18.2.8 & 7.9). The illumination level is not permitted to be less than 1 foot-candle at the walking surface (780 CMR 1008.2.1 & NFPA 101. 7.8.1.3) In the event of power supply failure, an emergency electrical system is required to automatically illuminate all of the following areas (780 CMR 1008.3): August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 26 • Aisles and unenclosed egress stairways in rooms and spaces that require two or more means of egress. • Corridors, interior exit stairways, and exit passageways. • Interior exit discharge elements. The emergency power system is required to provide power for a duration of not less than 90 minutes and is required to consist of storage batteries, unit equipment, or an on- site generator (780 CMR 1008.3). The initial illumination is required to be an average of 1 foot-candle and a minimum at any point of 0.1 foot-candle measured along the path of egress at the floor level. Illumination levels are permitted to decline to 0.6 foot-candle average and a minimum of 0.06 foot-candle at the end of the emergency lighting time duration (780 CMR 1008.4; NFPA 101, 7.9.2.1). 4.10 Accessibility 4.10.1 ADA Application Although not enforced by any authority having jurisdiction on the project, the requirements of ADA are also applicable and enforced through civil litigation only. The Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) requires that altered portions of an existing building must be readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities to the maximum extent feasible (ADAAG 36.402(a)(1)). Further, alterations to primary function areas should be made such that the level of accessibility, including the path of travel to the space, is made accessible to the maximum extent feasible. When determining if the upgrade is feasible, the ADAAG requirements state that the upgrade to the path of travel is disproportionate to the project when the cost to perform the work exceeds 20% of the cost of the alteration to the primary function area. In choosing which accessible elements to provide if the cost is disproportionate, priority should be given to those elements that will provide the greatest access, in the following order: 1. An accessible entrance 2. An accessible route to the altered area 3. At least one accessible restroom for each sex or a single unisex restroom 4. Accessible drinking fountains 5. Accessible telephones It is recommended that the cost of project work is clearly documented to show that the 20% disproportionality threshold is reached as part of the project if the building is not made fully accessible. 4.10.2 521 CMR Architectural Access Board Buildings in Massachusetts are subject to compliance with the Massachusetts Architectural Access Board Regulations (521 CMR) and the 2010 ADA Standards. The August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 27 requirements of 521 CMR are limited to buildings or portions thereof that are open to the public. Employee-only spaces are exempt from these requirements. 521 CMR Section 3.3 contains the following scoping requirements for projects in existing buildings. The costs referred to in the scoping requirements below are cumulative for all projects to the building within a rolling 36-month period: 1. If the work is less than $100,000, then only the work being performed is required to comply with 521 CMR. 2. If the work costs more than $100,000 but is less than 30% of the full and fair cash value of the building then in addition to the working being performed, the following accessible features are also required to be provided in the building: a. Accessible entrance b. Accessible toilet room c. Accessible drinking fountain (if provided) d. Accessible public telephone (if provided) 3. If the work, and all permitted work within a 36-month rolling window, costs more than 30% of the full and fair cash value of the building (pro-rated based on public spaces), then all public portions of the building are subject to the requirements of 521 CMR. 4.11 Electrical All existing electrical wiring within the work area is required to be upgraded to meet the materials and methods requirements for new construction (MEBC 808.2). As such, any existing wiring within the renovation area and all new electrical work during construction is required to comply with NFPA 70 (MEBC 808.1). 4.12 Mechanical All new spaces intended for occupancy after the renovation is required to be provided with mechanical or natural ventilation in accordance with the 2015 IMC (MEBC 809.1). 4.13 Energy The addition is required to comply with the codes for new construction (225 CMR Except as specified in 225 CMR Chapter 5, 225 CMR 23.00 does not require the removal, alteration or abandonment of, nor prevent the continued use and maintenance of, an existing building or building system law-fully in existence at the time of adoption of 225 CMR 23.00 (225 CMR 23.00 C501.1.1). Alterations to any building or structure shall comply with the requirements of the code for new construction. Alterations shall be such that the existing building or structure is no less conforming to the provisions of this code than the existing building or structure was prior to the alteration. Alterations to an existing building, building system or portion thereof shall conform to the provisions of this code as those provisions relate August 14, 2023 Project #: 214018 Page 28 to new construction without requiring the unaltered portions of the existing building or building system to comply with this code. Alterations shall not create an unsafe or hazardous condition or overload existing building systems (225 CMR 23.00 C503.1). 4.14 Plumbing Plumbing fixtures are required to be provided in sufficient capacity to accommodate the occupants one each level of the building based on the following factors from 248 CMR Section 10.10. Use Group Toilets Urinals Lavatories Per Sex Showers Drinking Fountains Service Sink F M I-2 (Patients) 1 per room NA 1 per room 1 per 15 1 per 100 1 per floor A-3 1 per 50 1 per 100 50% substitution 1 per 200 - 1 per 1000 B (Medical/ Health Care Building 1 per 45 1 per 55 50% substitution 1 per 200 - 1 per set of restrooms TABLE 15: PLUMBING FIXTURE FACTORS The population used to calculate the number of fixtures for each of the functional areas is required to be established by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, which is typically based on the maximum number of occupants expected within the building at any given time (248 CMR 10.10(18)(a)(ii)). Gender designated fixtures are permitted to be replaced by gender-neutral toilet rooms with one of the following two options (248 CMR 10.10(18)(r)): • Every gender-designated toilet fixture is replaced with an equal number of single-use gender-neutral toilet rooms (such that there is no gender-designated fixtures); or • Where the code requires four or more toilet fixtures combined for males and females, gender-designated fixtures may be replaced by single-use gender-neutral toilet rooms in increments of two such that for every male-designated fixture replaced by a gender- neutral toil room, a female-designated fixture is also replaced by a gender-neutral toilet room, and vice-versa.