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Notice of Intent NarrativeNotice of Intent Submitted Pursuant to the Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act Syncarpha Northampton Solar Project Submitted to: Northampton Conservation Commission 210 Main Street Northampton, MA 01060 Submitted for: Syncarpha Northampton Solar Project Park Hill Road Northampton, MA 01060 Prepared by: Beals Associates, Inc. 2 Park Plaza, Suite 200 Boston, MA 02116 In Association with: Syncarpha Solar LLC 250 West 57th Street, Suite 701 New York, NY 10107 August 17, 2018 NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLC SOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 I TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Property Description ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Location ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Existing and Adjacent Land Use ............................................................................................ 2 1.1.3 Existing Topography .............................................................................................................. 2 1.1.4 Existing Soils .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.3 Natural Resource Areas ........................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Project Description and Impacts ................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Land Use ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.2.2 Utilities .................................................................................................................................. 6 1.2.3 Roadways .............................................................................................................................. 6 1.2.4 Drainage ................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2.5 Natural Resource Impacts ..................................................................................................... 9 2.0 City of Northampton Wetland Protection Ordinance 337-10 – Performance Standards .............. 11 2.1 Encouragement of Infill Development ........................................................................................ 11 2.2 Artificial or Replacement Wetlands ............................................................................................ 11 2.3 Work Within Upland Areas Adjacent to Wetlands ..................................................................... 11 2.4 Work Within Vernal Pool Resource Areas .................................................................................. 12 2.5 Vernal Pool Habitat ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.0 MaDEP Performance Standards ...................................................................................................... 13 3.1 310 CMR 10.58(4)(A) ................................................................................................................... 13 3.2 310 CMR 10.58(4)(B) ................................................................................................................... 13 3.3 310 CMR 10.58(4)(C) ................................................................................................................... 13 3.4 310 CMR 10.58(4)(D) ................................................................................................................... 14 4.0 Interests of the Wetlands Protection Act ....................................................................................... 18 4.1 Protection of Public and Private Water Supplies ........................................................................ 18 4.2 Protection of Ground Water Supply ........................................................................................... 18 4.3 Flood Control .............................................................................................................................. 19 NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 II 4.3.1 Stormwater Runoff Calculations ......................................................................................... 19 4.4 Storm Damage Prevention .......................................................................................................... 20 4.5 Prevention of Pollution ............................................................................................................... 20 4.6 Protection of Land Containing Shellfish ...................................................................................... 20 4.7 Protection of Fisheries ................................................................................................................ 21 4.8 Protection of Wildlife Habitat ..................................................................................................... 21 Appendix A: Formwork Appendix B: Abutter’s Data Appendix C: Public Notice Information Appendix D: Affidavit of Service Appendix E: MaDEP Transmittal Form Appendix F: MaDEP Policy 17-1 Appendix G: Figures Appendix H: Photographs Appendix I: NRCS Soils Data Appendix J: Stormwater Management, Operations and Maintenance, and Erosion Control Appendix K: Project Plans NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLC SOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION On behalf of Syncarpha Solar, LLC, our office is pleased to present plans and permit application materials developed to support the Notice of Intent filing under the Massachusetts wetland Protection Act for a proposed large-scale, ground mounted, Community Shared Solar photovoltaic array to be installed on a 17+ acre parcel of land off Park Hill Road in Northampton, Massachusetts. The project will consist of the development of a photovoltaic solar facility which will have a maximum rated capacity of 5.0 megawatts AC and will have a lifespan of approximately 30+ years. The electricity that is generated will be distributed to the three-phase circuit operated by National Grid along Glendale Avenue. The Northampton Community Solar Project site will be located on a large parcel of undeveloped land off Park Hill Road. The property is identified by the City of Northampton Assessor’s Maps as Map 49, Lot 12. This land is currently owned by the Burt family, and is under an option to purchase by Syncarpha Solar, LLC. The existing 32-acre parcel will be subdivided through an ANR process into four individual lots. The main lot containing the solar facility will be retained by Syncarpha, as will the two westerly most lots. The middle parcel that includes Hannum Brook and the direct buffers to it will be conveyed to the City of Northampton to be held in conservation. At this time, Syncarpha has no plans for the western two lots that are created by the ANR process. 1.1 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION 1.1.1 LOCATION The parcel is located approximately 400 feet beyond the end of the paved portion of Park Hill Extension in Northampton, near the City boundary with Easthampton. Park Hill Road is a public right of way that is four (4) rods wide based on a 1770 Hampshire County layout. At the pavement’s end, the roadway becomes a narrow (approximately 10 feet) gravel road that is not maintained during the winter months. In order to gain adequate access to the site, the City Staff has requested that this road be improved. The project includes a proposed improvement to this gravel road from the end of the paved portion to a point approximately twenty (20) feet beyond the access drive to the solar project. The proposed width at this time is twelve (12) feet, which will allow access for construction vehicles and emergency vehicles. The overall existing parcel is currently taxed under Massachusetts Chapter 61A, identifying it as prime farmland. Under this designation, the City of Northampton may exercise an option to NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 2 purchase the land in the event of a sale. The City may waive its right to do so through a public hearing process before the City Council. The project is currently working through that process with City Staff. 1.1.2 EXISTING AND ADJACENT LAND USE The overall property is currently undeveloped with wooded and open field areas throughout the landscape. The west side of the property along the paved portion of Park Hill Road Extension is wooded. Hannum Brook crosses through the central portions of the property, surrounded on both sides by wooded buffers. There are several areas of Bordering Vegetated Wetlands that have been identified within this wooded buffer to the brook. Further to the east, the property opens up into an open field that has a small stand of approximately thirty (30) trees in the middle of it. The field is surrounded by a wooded buffer that separates the field from Hannum Brook to the west and north and the abutting properties to the east. North of Hannum Brook is another field area that is bordered on all sides by a wooded buffer. A recent ALTA Survey did not disclose any easements that encumber the site. There are a few encroachments on the property from an abutting property to the west. To the west and southwest of the property are residential structures. North of the site is a prior landfill that now has solar facilities associated with it. South of the property is Park Hill Road Extension and other agricultural fields. To the east of the site are additional single-family residences that front on Park Hill Road. It should be noted that 1,400 feet southeasterly and immediately north and northwest of the property are solar facilities that are operated by other companies. The facility to the southeast is located in Easthampton and the other two are in Northampton. 1.1.3 EXISTING TOPOGRAPHY The overall property is generally higher on the west and east boundaries, with a generally lower area in the central portion. Elevations on the west side range from 300 at the northwest corner to 235 at the southwest property corner along Park Hill Road. Moving from west to east, the higher elevations slope steeply down to Hannum Brook which is generally around elevation 212 to 218 through the site. Moving from Hannum Brook easterly, the elevations rise from 230 to 240 across much of the lower open filed, and then begin to rise more sharply to the upper portions of the field. Along the easterly property boundary, the elevations run from approximately 280 at Park Hill Road, to 285 and then back down to approximately 235 in the northeasterly corner of the site. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 3 The solar development site features approximately 33 feet in elevation change from the lowest point (elevation 233 on the western portion) to the highest point (elevation 266 on the eastern portion). Slopes in the open field range from as little as 1% to as high as 18%. Within the small central wooded portion of the open field, the grades raise to as high as 33%. 1.1.4 EXISTING SOILS The NRCS Soil Survey for Hampshire County indicates a variety of soils across the site: • Hinkley loamy sand • Windsor loamy sand • Rippowam fine sandy loam • Belgrade silt loam • Woodbridge fine sandy loam These soils feature different characteristics and abilities to absorb rainfall and runoff. The Hinkley and Windsor soils are classified as Hydrologic Soils Group A while the other site soils are characterized as Group C and D soils. The portion of the site that will contain the solar panels is within the Belgrade and Woodbridge soils, which are Group C and Group C/D soils, respectively. Hydrologic Soils Groups have the following definitions: Group A is sand, loamy sand or sandy loam types of soils. It has low runoff potential and high infiltration rates even when thoroughly wetted. They consist chiefly of deep, well to excessively drained sands or gravels and have a high rate of water transmission. Group B is silt loam or loam. It has a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wetted and consists chiefly or moderately deep to deep, moderately well to well drained soils with moderately fine to moderately coarse textures. Group C soils are sandy clay loam. They have low infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted and consist chiefly of soils with a layer that impedes downward movement of water and soils with moderately fine to fine structure. Group D soils are clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay or clay. This HSG has the highest runoff potential. They have very low infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted and consist chiefly of clay soils with a high swelling potential, soils with a permanent high-water table, soils with a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface and shallow soils over nearly impervious material. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 4 1.1.3 NATURAL RESOURCE AREAS Two different types of Natural Resource Areas were noted and delineated on the project site. Hannum Brook is a perennial stream and as such is afforded Riverfront status under the Massachusetts Wetland Protection Act (310 CMR 10.58). Along several portions of the brook, Bordering Vegetated Wetlands (310 CMR 10.55) were found. 1.1.3.1 BORDERING VEGETATED WETLANDS Bordering Vegetated Wetlands were identified on the site during investigations on April 5, 2018 and July 17, 2018. The A- Series flags were delineated in April and run from A-1 through A-60, beginning at the point where Hannum Brook crosses under Park Hill Road Extension, upstream to the northeast property corner. Only the southerly and easterly portion of the wetland boundary was flagged since there will be no work north or west of the wetland area. The B-Series, located in July, were the result of supplemental delineations performed to support the proposed widening of Park Hill Road Extension at the point where it crosses Hannum Brook. The wetlands can generally be described as forested wetlands that border the stream and are mainly confined by steep slopes from the field portions down to the brook. 1.1.3.2 PERENNIAL STREAMS Hannum Brook is considered a perennial stream as it crosses through the property. Under the Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act, perennial streams are afforded Riverfront protection and receive a 100-foot inner riparian buffer as well as a 200-foot outer riparian buffer. This buffer is measured from the mean annual high-water mark of the stream, which has been delineated in the field with a series of blue flags that are labeled RF-1 through RF-38, beginning in the northeast corner of the site and progressing downstream to a point just before the brook crosses under Park Hill Road Extension. Similar to the Bordering Vegetated Wetland areas, the northerly and westerly edge of Hannum Brook and the associated buffers have not been delineated or flagged in the field since no work will be taking place on that side of the resource. 1.1.3.3 VERNAL POOLS There are no Vernal Pools, either Certified or Potential, identified by Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program on this site. Beals Associates’ site investigations did not uncover any areas that should be further examined for Vernal Pool characteristics during our field investigations. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 5 1.1.3.4 INTERMITTENT STREAMS There are no intermittent streams that have been delineated outside of the boundaries of the wetland resource areas noted above. 1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND IMPACTS 1.2.1 LAND USE The proposed project will consist of the installation of a pole-mounted photovoltaic system, equipment pads, underground and overhead electrical conduit, fencing, security signage, gravel access roadways and the interconnection of the resulting facility to the existing electrical circuit within the public right of way on Park Hill Road Extension. The project’s solar panels will be installed on frames that are secured to the ground by push piles, which will extend a minimum of four feet into the ground (pending final geotechnical analysis). In the event that rock is encountered, helical auger foundations will be used. The panels will be interconnected through a series of underground electrical connections. The solar panels will be divided into two (2) zones. Each zone runs through a transformer, joining the main system line that leads out to Park Hill Road Extension and through an interconnect point to the National Grid system on the existing Park Hill Road Extension pole line. In order to further support the goals of the Department of Energy Resources (DOER) and the Solar Massachusetts Renewable Target Program (SMART), the project will incorporate energy storage. Energy storage can provide a variety of benefits across the electric grid, including: improved power quality, mitigating substation upgrades, and the ability to shift solar energy production to match peak demand. The energy storage associated with this project will be co-located with the solar, meaning they will share a common point of coupling and that the solar will be used to charge the on-site storage batteries. The project will use and energy storage system that incorporates standard inverters (like those associated with the solar) as well as lithium ion batteries – the same type of battery technology that is used in cell phones, digital cameras, and watches. The batteries will be containerized in standard 40-foot shipping containers that are flame retardant. Based on the current SMART program regulations, the batteries are required to be fully charged/discharged a minimum of 52 times a year to facilitate smart grid management and timed releases of electricity as shall be determined by National Grid. The applicant is working with National Grid to explore the possibility of running all electrical lines to the interconnect point underground. It has been expressed by City Staff that there is a strong NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 6 desire for no new utility pole locations to be introduced as a result of this project. Provided that National Grid finds this technically feasible, the project proponents will install all electrical lines and equipment at or below the ground surface to the interconnect point. In the event that National Grid does not allow this for a valid technical, safety, or reliability reason, the poles will be minimized to only those National Grid and Customer Owned poles depicted on the site plan. The facility will also feature a security fence around the perimeter of the project. The fence will have chain link fabric and will be seven (7) feet in height. There will be a gap at the bottom of the fence between the ground surface and the fence fabric to allow small animals to crawl under the fence. Upon completion of the installation of the panels, appurtenances and fencing, the entire disturbed area will be seeded with a mix of low growing vegetation which will help maintain a non-erosive soil cover, minimize dust, and require very little maintenance. In addition, there will be no use of fertilizers, pesticides, or herbicides for this project. 1.2.2 UTILITIES Utility installations for the proposed project will be limited to underground and overhead electrical utilities. Underground facilities will be run through PVC conduit that will be direct buried onsite. A small section of overhead lines near the interconnect point may be run on standard wooden utility poles that will be spaced as appropriate for the alignment and loads. In the event the poles are necessary, the lines can be bundled to further reduce the visual impact. Water, sanitary sewer, natural gas, cable, or telecommunications facilities are not necessary for the intended use of the site and will not be extended onto the property. There will be no permanent overhead lighting on the site. 1.2.3 ROADWAYS The project site will be accessed via gravel roadways that will originate at Park Hill Extension. The design standards for the roadways are summarized below. Maintenance Road Design Standards Maximum Grade 8% Minimum Grade 1% Minimum Cross Slope 3% Maximum Width 18 feet NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 7 Minimum Width 18 feet Minimum Centerline Radius 60 feet Minimum Edge Radius 15 feet Minimum Top Course 6” MaDOT M1.03.0 Type C Minimum Base Course 12” MaDOT M1.03.1 Subbase The access roads are intended to provide vehicular access for the maintenance vehicles to the locations of the transformers for each zone. At each transformer location, a turnaround has been provided that will accommodate the vehicles. At this time, it is anticipated that the maintenance vehicle will be the size of a pickup truck; however, the roads can easily accommodate box trucks or emergency vehicles, if necessary. The roads will feature a gravel structure and have been designed with sufficient cross slopes to allow runoff to shed from the roadway surface into an adjacent drainage swale or across naturally vegetated surfaces. Park Hill Road Extension will be widened and graded to provide access to the site for emergency vehicles and construction vehicles. This widening will result in a roadway that is increased from the current 10-foot gravel path to a 12-foot compacted gravel road that can accommodate emergency and construction vehicles of all sizes. Roadside drainage swales will be used to provide a drainage system that will control and safely convey stormwater runoff to Hannum Brook while reducing the potential for erosion that exists today. The overall design of Park Hill Road Extension has taken into consideration several factors, including public safety, the desire by abutting residences to minimize the amount of improvements to the road, and the City Staff’s desire to improve the roadway to City Standards. While the applicant acknowledges that City Standards (20 to 24 feet wide, paved, sidewalks, etc.) are not met for this roadway, we believe that the locations and neighborhood conditions warrant waivers of certain City Standards to allow the design as presented. 1.2.4 DRAINAGE The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection has published Wetlands Program Policy 17-1: Photovoltaic System Solar Array Review, effective 9.23.2017. This policy establishes the Department’s approach for reviewing ground mounted solar photovoltaic systems (PVS systems) relative to wetland jurisdiction. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 8 In accordance with this policy, the project does not propose placement of any panels or panel structures within the delineated wetland resource areas on the project site. Section 4 of the Policy establishes Stormwater Management criteria for these installations. The Policy requires that the Stormwater Management Standards apply to PVS systems with regards to attenuation of peak rates of runoff caused by land development, provision of recharge, control of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) from impervious surfaces, excluding solar panels, and the provision of adequate erosion and sedimentation controls. The Policy goes on to state that “Solar projects within the Buffer Zone or other jurisdictional area should endeavor to utilize Low Impact Development techniques and will receive credit for Environmentally Sensitive Site Design when LID is incorporated pursuant to the “Minimum Criterial for Credit” from Volume 3, Chapter 1 of the Massachusetts Stormwater Handbook. As recommended by MaDEP, the following has been incorporated into the design and documentation of the project. • Slopes on which the PVS arrays are placed are not greater than 3:1, naturally or as graded. • An erosion control plan is developed and implemented which prevents direct discharges to wetlands and which grade the project site to avoid or minimize channelized stormwater flow from the Buffer Zone directly into wetland resource areas. • Land disturbance and grading is conducted in a phased and selective manner (i.e. avoid, if possible, or minimize clearing the entire site at one time in order to minimize soil mobilization and the amount of soil exposure at any one time to reduce construction period runoff), or other appropriate construction best management practices are incorporated to preclude construction period runoff/erosion. Provide temporary land stabilization measures for all disturbed surfaces such as mulching until permanent native vegetative cover is established and utilize temporary sedimentation basins as appropriate. • Construction and post-construction phase stormwater management plans include subcatchments under PVS arrays which include stormwater BMPs such as infiltration trenches, water bars/log bars, and natural vegetative cover consisting solely of native grass and plant species (note: the extent of stormwater BMPS required will depend largely on the existing cover type as compared to the proposed cover type. In some instances, BMPs may not be necessary, where the proposed cover type represents an improvement over existing conditions.) • Top soil is preserved or supplemented sufficient to maintain vegetation cover. • Solar panel rows are spaced in a manner to allow sunlight penetration sufficient to support vegetation between the solar panel rows. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 9 • Where panel rows follow the slope (i.e. panel arrays are constructed down, rather than across, a slope) provide intermittent gaps between adjacent panels sufficient to accommodate anticipated runoff so that runoff occurs from individual panels rather than from the length of the entire array. • Panel drip edges are no greater than 10-feet above the ground surface. • No conveyances or outfalls are constructed. • No work is proposed in a buffer zone of Resource Areas that borders a Critical Area, as defined at 314 CMR 9.02, or in the estimated habitat identified on the most recent Estimated Habitat Map of State Listed Rare Species prepared by Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program. In order to attenuate the increase in flows due to the introduction of gravel maintenance roads, the stormwater controls have been designed to promote sheetflow from the gravel surfaces across existing field areas, resulting in increased opportunities for infiltration and reduced rates of runoff. A full Stormwater Management Report has been prepared for the project and is attached under separate cover. For this project, a Stormwater Management Permit will also be required. This permit will be submitted concurrently with the Site Plan Review/Special Permit documentation. 1.2.5 NATURAL RESOURCE IMPACTS Development of the overall project features two main components; the widening of Park Hill Road Extension and the development of the solar facility on the property. The solar facility development results in minor impacts to the 100-foot wetland buffer in the form of panel placement as well as impacts to the 200-foot Riverfront buffer, again with the placement of panels. 310 CMR 10.58 exempts certain activities from the Riverfront regulations, including the installation of fencing, provided that it does not constitute a barrier to wildlife movement, and the installation of directly embedded utility poles and associated anchors, push braces or grounding rods. At the request of Sarah LaValley, we have kept all permanent site features (gravel roads, concrete equipment pads, etc.) out of the 200-foot Riverfront buffer. The only solar features within the 200-foot Riverfront buffer will be the chain link fencing and the panel installations. The impacts from these installations will be limited to the actual point of contact between the ground surface and the foundation system used for mounting the tables. The panels are mounted a minimum of three to four feet above the ground surface. Shading impacts from the panels may occur, but the actual ground surface will remain vegetated. There will be no alteration of surface grades in these areas. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 10 The improvements to Park Hill Road Extension will require working within the Riverfront buffer and the Bordering Vegetated Wetland buffer. Approximately 6,000 square feet of buffer impact will be required for this work. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 11 2.0 CITY OF NORTHAMPTON WETLAND PROTECTION ORDINANCE 337-10 – PERFORMANCE STANDARDS In addition to the Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act (WPA), the proposed project is subject to the City of Northampton Wetlands Protection Ordinance. The purpose of the City’s ordinance is to protect the wetlands and maintain the quality and level of the groundwater table and water recharge areas for existing or potential water supplies; to protect the public health and safety; to protect persons and property against the hazards of floodwater inundation; to protect the community against the costs which may be incurred when unsuitable development occurs in or adjacent to resource areas; to minimize the impacts of new development and expansion on wetland resource areas while encouraging projects that improve degraded areas; and to provide for the reasonable protection and conservation of certain irreplaceable natural features, resources and amenities for the benefit and welfare of the present and future inhabitants of the City of Northampton. 2.1 ENCOURAGEMENT OF INFILL DEVELOPMENT The project site is not within one of the zoning districts where waivers of the standards of §337- 10 would apply. 2.2 ARTIFICIAL OR REPLACEMENT WETLANDS The project does not propose any artificial or replacement wetlands. 2.3 WORK WITHIN UPLAND AREAS ADJACENT TO WETLANDS §337-10 (E) establishes certain protections of the upland areas within 100 feet of a wetland resource area. §337-10(E)(1) and §337-10(E)(1)(a) provide the Conservation Commission with limited ability to approve certain temporary, limited or permanent disturbances and goes on to state that: “The Commission may allow the alteration of up to 20% of the area within the fifty-foot to one-hundred-foot buffer zone on a lot….The proposed work must have no significant adverse impact on the resource area, and the applicant must provide evidence deemed sufficient by the Commission that the area being disturbed will not harm the resource area values protected by the law.” NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 12 The proposed project will impact the wetland buffer zones in tow distinct locations. On-site, the buffer zone will be impacted with approximately 2,715 square feet of panel placement on the support tables. The tables will not cause permanent ground disturbance, and a vegetated surface will remain under the panels upon completion of the construction. No grading or other alteration of the ground surface is proposed in those areas. On the project site, there are approximately 93,223 square feet of 50-foot to 100-foot buffer zone area on the south and east side of Hannum Brook. The opposite side of the brook was not delineated for wetland resource areas, so the figure noted above is likely about half of what actually exists. Using the conservative figure of 93,223 square feet as the total 50-foot to 100-foot buffer zone ara, and the disturbance of 2,715 square feet of this area, it can be stated that the project will impact approximately 3% of the 20% allowed by §337-10(E)(1)(a). The second area of buffer impact is the location of the roadway improvement for Park Hill Road. The placement and regrading of the gravel roadway surface to a consistent twelve (12) foot width will result in an additional 6,000 square feet of wetland buffer impact, the majority of which is within 50 feet of the wetlands. Given the location of the road within the public right of way, there is no other alternative to this impact. The City originally requested that the road be brought to City Standards, which would have involved a 24 to 26 foot wide paved road surface, retaining walls and direct wetland impacts that would have approached 5,000 square feet. The applicant has worked with the City to reduce that access to the twelve-foot width that is currently proposed. Although the work on Park Hill Road is off the property, if the impact area were to be combined with the work in the property, the total wetland buffer impact would be approximately 8,715 square feet, or 9.3% of the total area within the 50-foot to 100-foot buffer area, less than half of what is allowed under §337-10(E)(1)(a). 2.4 WORK WITHIN VERNAL POOL RESOURCE AREAS The project does not propose any work within any Vernal Pool area. 2.5 VERNAL POOL HABITAT The project does not propose the alteration of any Vernal Pool habitat. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 13 3.0 MADEP PERFORMANCE STANDARDS The following performance standards for work in and around Riverfront Areas have been established in 310 CMR 10.58: 3.1 310 CMR 10.58(4)(A) (a) Protection of Other Resource Areas: The work shall meet the performance standards for all other resource areas within the riverfront area, as identified in 310 CMR 10.30 (Coastal Banks, 10.32 (Salt Marsh), 10.55 (Bordering Vegetated Wetland) and 10.57 (Land Subject to Flooding). When work in the riverfront area is also within the buffer zone to another resource area, the performance standards for the riverfront area shall contribute to the protection of the interests of M.G.L. c. 131, § 40 in lieu of any additional requirements the might otherwise be imposed on work in the buffer zone within the riverfront area. Within the Riverfront Area to Hannum Brook are Bordering Vegetated Wetlands. The project will include limited work within 100 feet of the Bordering Vegetated Wetlands that is also within the 200-foot Riverfront buffer. The protection of the interests of the Wetlands Protection Act is discussed in Section 4 of this narrative. 3.2 310 CMR 10.58(4)(B) (b) Protection of Rare Species: No project may be permitted within the riverfront area which will have any adverse effect on specified habitat sites of rare wetland or upland, vertebrate or invertebrate species, as identified by the procedures established under 310 CMR 10.59 or 10.37, or which will have any adverse effect on vernal pool habitat certified prior to the filing of the Notice of Intent. There have been no areas identified by the Natural Heritage Endangered Species Program (NHESP) as Estimated Habitat of Rare Wildlife or Priority Habitat. NHESP has not identified any Certified or Potential Vernal Pools on or in close proximity to the property’s Riverfront Area. 3.3 310 CMR 10.58(4)(C) NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 14 (c) Practical and Substantially Equivalent Economic Alternatives: There must be no practicable and substantially equivalent economic alternative to the proposed project with less adverse effects on the interests defined in M.G.L. c. 131, § 40. The minimal work within this area consists of the installation of support tables for solar panels and the installation of direct buried conduit for electrical cables. The disturbance to the ground surface will be limited to the location of the conduit trenches and the point of contact where the support posts are installed for the solar tables. The trenches will be restored to their existing condition and the overall ground surface will remain vegetated. The installation of the fence line in the 200-foot buffer zone will include the placement of support poles into the ground. The chain link mesh will include a 4-inch gap at the bottom of the fence above the ground surface to allow wildlife to pass under the fence as necessary. In order to maximize the solar gain on the site, the panels have been extended a short distance into the 200-foot Riverfront buffer to avoid the cutting of trees elsewhere on the perimeter of the site. Given the open filed nature of the property and the maintenance of the existing wooded buffer, this minor extension of panels into the buffer is not considered a significant impact. It is the opinion of our office that cutting of additional trees to relocate the panels to another area of the site would cause more significant harm to the site than the minor intrusion of the support panels into the buffer. 3.4 310 CMR 10.58(4)(D) (d) No Significant Adverse Impact. The work, including proposed mitigation measures, must have no significant adverse impact on the riverfront area to protect the interests identified in M.G.L. c. 131, § 40. 1. Within 200-foot riverfront areas, the issuing authority may allow the alteration of up to 5000 square feet or 10% of the riverfront area within the lot, whichever is greater, on a lot recorded on or before October 6, 1997 or lots recorded after October 6, 1997 subject to the restrictions of 310 CMR 10.58(4)(c)2.b.vi., or up to 10% of the riverfront area within a lot recorded after October 6, 1997, provided that: NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 15 a. At a minimum, a 100-foot-wide area of undisturbed vegetation is provided. This area shall extend from mean annual high-water along the river unless another location would better protect the interests identified in M.G.L. c. 131 § 40. If there is not a 100-foot-wide area of undisturbed vegetation within the riverfront area, existing vegetative cover shall be preserved or extended to the maximum extent feasible to approximate a 100-foot-wide corridor of natural vegetation. Replication and compensatory storage required to meet other resource area performance standards are allowed within this area; structural stormwater management measures may be allowed only when there is no practicable alternative. Temporary impacts where necessary for installation of linear site- related utilities are allowed, provided the area is restored to its natural conditions. Proposed work which does not meet the requirement of 310 CMR 10.58(4)(d)1. a. may be allowed only if an applicant demonstrates by a preponderance of evidence from a competent source that an area of undisturbed vegetation with an overall average width of 100 feet will provide equivalent protection of the riverfront area, or that a partial rebuttal of the presumptions of significance is sufficient to justify a lesser area of undisturbed vegetation; The proposed project will disturb approximately 37,195 square feet of land within the 200-foot Riverfront Area. Within the limits of the property, there is approximately 691,360 square feet of land that falls within the 200-foot Riverfront Area. The disturbance within the Riverfront Area will be approximately 5.5%, of the total Riverfront Area on the property. There will be no work within the 100- foot Riverfront buffer. b. Stormwater is managed according to standards established by the Department in its Stormwater Policy. The stormwater management system for the project has been designed in accordance with the provisions of the Massachusetts Stormwater Handbook and meets all applicable Massachusetts Stormwater Policy standards. c. Proposed work does not impair the capacity of the riverfront area to provide important wildlife habitat functions. Work shall not result in an impairment of the capacity to provide vernal pool habitat identified by evidence from a competent source, but not yet certified. For work within an undeveloped riverfront area which NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 16 exceeds 5,000 square feet, the issuing authority may require a wildlife habitat evaluation study under 310 CMR 10.60. No vernal pools have been identified within the project site. d. Proposed work shall not impair groundwater or surface water quality by incorporating erosion and sedimentation controls and other measures to attenuate nonpoint source pollution. An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan has been prepared for the proposed project. A narrative of required construction period controls is also included with this document. All stormwater discharges meet Massachusetts Stormwater Policy standards. 2. Within 25-foot riverfront areas, any proposed work shall cause no significant adverse impact by: a. Limiting alteration to the maximum extent feasible, and at a minimum, preserving or establishing a corridor of undisturbed vegetation of a maximum feasible width. Replication and compensatory storage required to meet other resource area performance standards are allowed within this area; structural stormwater management measures shall be allowed only when there is no practicable alternative; b. Providing stormwater management according to standards established by the Department; c. Preserving the capacity of the riverfront area to provide important wildlife habitat functions. Work shall not result in an impairment of the capacity to provide vernal pool habitat when identified by evidence from a competent source but not yet certified; and d. Proposed work shall not impair groundwater or surface water quality by incorporating erosion and sedimentation controls and other measures to attenuate nonpoint source pollution. The 25-foot Riverfront Area does not apply to this project. However, no work is proposed within 25 feet of mean annual high water. 3. Notwithstanding the provisions of 310 CMR10.58(4)(d)1. or 2. the issuing authority NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 17 shall allow the construction of a single family house, a septic system if no sewer is available, and a driveway, on a lot recorded before August 7, 1996 where the size or shape of the lot within the riverfront area prevents the construction from meeting the requirements of 310 CMR 10.58(4)(d)1. or 2., provided that: a. The lot can be developed for such purposes under the applicable provisions of other municipal and state law; and b. The performance standards of 310 CMR 10.58(4)(d) are met to the maximum extent feasible. In difficult siting situations, the maximum extent of yards around houses should be limited to the area necessary for construction. Except where the lot contains vernal pool habitat or specified habitat sites of rare species, a wildlife habitat evaluation study shall not be required. The project does not propose the construction of a single-family house or associated development within the Riverfront Area. 4. Notwithstanding the provisions of 310 CMR 10.58(4)(d)1. or 2., the issuing authority may allow the construction of a commercial structure of minimum feasible dimension, on a lot recorded before August 7, 1996 where the size or shape of the lot within the riverfront area prevents the construction from meeting the requirements of 310 CMR 10.58(4)(d)1. or 2., only if: a. The lot can be developed for such purposes and cannot be developed for any other purposes under the applicable provisions of other municipal and state law; b. The work is not eligible for 310 CMR 10.58(5); and c. The performance standards of 310 CMR 10.58(4)(d)1. or 2. are met to the maximum extent feasible. This project does not propose to construct a commercial structure within the Riverfront Area. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 18 4.0 INTERESTS OF THE WETLANDS PROTECTION ACT The Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act (M.G.L. c. 131, § 40) sets forth a public review and decision-making process by which activities affecting Areas Subject to Protection under the Act are to be regulated in order to contribute to eight (8) interests as discussed below. 4.1 PROTECTION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE WATER SUPPLIES This project will not adversely impact public or private water supplies. Surface waters will be protected through the use of stormwater BMP’s and the implementation of a stormwater management system that meets or exceeds Massachusetts Stormwater Policy standards. A full erosion and sedimentation control plan has also been developed for the project. Since the project disturbs over an acre of land, the construction activity will be subject to the terms and conditions of a Construction General Permit for Stormwater Discharges administered by the US EPA. This document will be required to be in place 14 days prior to the start of construction. 4.2 PROTECTION OF GROUND WATER SUPPLY The groundwater supply will be protected through environmentally sensitive site design, low impact development techniques, stormwater best management practices, and good operation and maintenance. The project introduces very little impervious surface cover to the site, and the design of the panel support systems does not impact the ground surface’s ability to absorb stormwater in the same manner that it does today. The nature of the project is such that disturbances to the ground surface will be minimal and will not have long term impacts to the pervious nature of the site. The soils will not experience over- compaction and the placement of fill is limited only to those areas being prepared for gravel maintenance drives. In the areas of the panel installations, fill will not be added, soils will not be compacted, and a vegetated surface will be maintained. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 19 4.3 FLOOD CONTROL The rate of stormwater runoff from the subject site will decrease from preconstruction levels due to targeted collection and storage areas and general improved stormwater management. Therefore, the project will not have significant adverse effects on the interests of flood control and storm damage prevention in relation to the built environment (i.e., the project will not result in a significant increase in flooding or storm damage affecting buildings, roads or other human- made structures or infrastructure). All proposed work for this project is located outside and above the 100-year floodplain as this floodplain does not extend onto the site. The project documentation includes a full Stormwater Management Report that features a comprehensive analysis of the runoff characteristics of the site in both predeveloped condition and developed condition. The results of the calculations within the report with respect to rate and volume are summarized below. 4.3.1 STORMWATER RUNOFF CALCULATIONS The following two tables compare peak rates of runoff between the predeveloped site and the built project site. Peak Runoff Rates – Point of Analysis #1 Storm Rainfall Predevelopment, cfs Postdevelopment, cfs Percent Change 1-Year 2.50” 4.03 3.88 -3.7% 2-Year 3.00” 7.36 6.96 -5.4% 10-Year 4.50” 19.69 18.47 -6.2% 100-Year 6.50” 32.93 31.88 -3.2% Peak Runoff Rates – Point of Analysis #2 Storm Rainfall Predevelopment, cfs Postdevelopment, cfs Percent Change 1-Year 2.50” 4.83 4.83 0.0% 2-Year 3.00” 7.81 7.81 0.0% 10-Year 4.50” 18.49 18.49 0.0% 100-Year 6.50” 33.94 33.94 0.0% NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 20 4.4 STORM DAMAGE PREVENTION As stated above, the rate of stormwater runoff from the subject site will decrease from existing levels due to targeted collection and storage areas and general improved stormwater management, which will prevent additional storm damage prevention. A full erosion and sedimentation control report and site design features will be implemented to further assist in preventing storm related damage caused by excessive stormwater runoff and erosion of the exposed ground surfaces. Moreover, this project provides stormwater management systems that result in the reduction of flow rates to the point of analysis for the 2-, 10-, and 100-year storm events. 4.5 PREVENTION OF POLLUTION The project will result in the exposure of greater than one acre of land. Due to this, there will need to be coverage under the US EPA Construction General Permit for Stormwater Activities which will be initiated 14 days prior to construction. In order to obtain coverage under this permit, a full Construction Period Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) will have to be in place. This document will cover all aspects of potential pollution sources including, but not limited to, stormwater runoff, construction materials, vehicle refueling, chemical spills and fertilizers.This document will be required to be filed with the City of Northampton with a second copy located onsite at all times during construction activities. For periods beyond the construction timeframe, a full Stormwater Management Operations and Maintenance Manual has been prepared for this site. This manual includes detailed instructions and timeframes that will allow the site’s operator to perform inspections and maintenance on the stormwater systems throughout the property. 4.6 PROTECTION OF LAND CONTAINING SHELLFISH None of the work area involves land containing shellfish. It is recognized that any and all watersheds within the Commonwealth ultimately discharge to downstream areas that potentially contain shellfish, even if these upper watersheds are located a considerable distance from the shellfish beds. The proposed work is protected with erosion control so in effect, downstream land containing shellfish are protected. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 PAGE 21 4.7 PROTECTION OF FISHERIES The proposed project is not located within and area that contributes direct runoff to fisheries. As with standards for protection of land containing shellfish, it is recognized that all watersheds within the Commonwealth could directly or indirectly impact areas containing fisheries, and proper erosion controls, construction period pollution prevention and stormwater management practices have been implemented with this in mind. 4.8 PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE HABITAT The project site is not included in any Estimated Habitat of Rare Wildlife or Priority Habitat. However, we recognize that wetlands, are wildlife habitats and therefore should be protected. Proper erosion controls, construction period pollution prevention and stormwater management practices have been implemented with this in mind. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 APPENDIX A: FORMWORK wpaform3.doc • rev. 2/8/2018 Page 1 of 9 4 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection - Wetlands WPA Form 3 – Notice of Intent Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M.G.L. c. 131, §40 Provided by MassDEP: MassDEP File Number Document Transaction Number City/Town Important: When filling out forms on the computer, use only the tab key to move your cursor - do not use the return key. Note: Before completing this form consult your local Conservation Commission regarding any municipal bylaw or ordinance. A. General Information 1. Project Location (Note: electronic filers will click on button to locate project site): Park Hill Road a. Street Address Northampton b. City/Town 12763 c. Zip Code Latitude and Longitude: 42.2895 d. Latitude -72.113 e. Longitude 49 f. Assessors Map/Plat Number 012 g. Parcel /Lot Number 2. Applicant: Keith a. First Name Akers b. Last Name Syncarpha Solar, LLC c. Organization 250 West 57th Street, Suite 701 d. Street Address New York e. City/Town New York f. State 10107 g. Zip Code 212.419.4840 h. Phone Number i. Fax Number keith.akers@syncarpha.com j. Email Address 3. Property owner (required if different from applicant): Check if more than one owner Kenneth C. Burt & John H. Burt & JKB Farms a. First Name b. Last Name c. Organization 41 School Street d. Street Address Hatfield e. City/Town Massachusetts f. State 01038 g. Zip Code h. Phone Number i. Fax Number j. Email address 4. Representative (if any): Todd a. First Name Morey b. Last Name Beals Associates, Inc. c. Company 2 Park Plaza, Suite 200 d. Street Address Boston e. Massachusetts f. State 02116 g. Zip Code 617.242.1120 h. Phone Number i. Fax Number tmorey@bealsassociates.com j. Email address 5. Total WPA Fee Paid (from NOI Wetland Fee Transmittal Form): $1,550 a. Total Fee Paid $762.50 b. State Fee Paid $787.50 c. City/Town Fee Paid wpaform3.doc • rev. 2/8/2018 Page 2 of 9 4 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection - Wetlands WPA Form 3 – Notice of Intent Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M.G.L. c. 131, §40 Provided by MassDEP: MassDEP File Number Document Transaction Number City/Town A. General Information (continued) 6. General Project Description: Proposed large-scale, ground mounted, Community Shared Solar photovoltaic array to be installed on a 17+/- acre parcel of land off Park Hill Road in Northampton, Massachusetts. The project will have a maximum rated capacity of 5.0megawatts AC.Lifespan of approximately 30+ years. The electricity that is generated will be distributed to three-phase circuit operated by National Grid. 7a. Project Type Checklist: (Limited Project Types see Section A. 7b.) 1. Single Family Home 2. Residential Subdivision 3. Commercial/Industrial 4. Dock/Pier 5. Utilities 6. Coastal engineering Structure 7. Agriculture (e.g., cranberries, forestry) 8. Transportation 9. Other 7b. Is any portion of the proposed activity eligible to be treated as a limited project (including Ecological Restoration Limited Project) subject to 310 CMR 10.24 (coastal) or 310 CMR 10.53 (inland)? 1. Yes No If yes, describe which limited project applies to this project. (See 310 CMR 10.24 and 10.53 for a complete list and description of limited project types) 2. Limited Project Type If the proposed activity is eligible to be treated as an Ecological Restoration Limited Project (310 CMR10.24(8), 310 CMR 10.53(4)), complete and attach Appendix A: Ecological Restoration Limited Project Checklist and Signed Certification. 8. Property recorded at the Registry of Deeds for: Hampshire County a. County b. Certificate # (if registered land) 11316 c. Book 326 d. Page Number B. Buffer Zone & Resource Area Impacts (temporary & permanent) 1. Buffer Zone Only – Check if the project is located only in the Buffer Zone of a Bordering Vegetated Wetland, Inland Bank, or Coastal Resource Area. 2. Inland Resource Areas (see 310 CMR 10.54-10.58; if not applicable, go to Section B.3, Coastal Resource Areas). Check all that apply below. Attach narrative and any supporting documentation describing how the project will meet all performance standards for each of the resource areas altered, including standards requiring consideration of alternative project design or location. wpaform3.doc • rev. 2/8/2018 Page 3 of 9 4 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection - Wetlands WPA Form 3 – Notice of Intent Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M.G.L. c. 131, §40 Provided by MassDEP: MassDEP File Number Document Transaction Number City/Town B. Buffer Zone & Resource Area Impacts (temporary & permanent) (cont’d) For all projects affecting other Resource Areas, please attach a narrative explaining how the resource area was delineated. Resource Area Size of Proposed Alteration Proposed Replacement (if any) a. Bank 1. linear feet 2. linear feet b. Bordering Vegetated Wetland 1. square feet 2. square feet c. Land Under Waterbodies and Waterways 1. square feet 2. square feet 3. cubic yards dredged Resource Area Size of Proposed Alteration Proposed Replacement (if any) d. Bordering Land Subject to Flooding 1. square feet 2. square feet 3. cubic feet of flood storage lost 4. cubic feet replaced e. Isolated Land Subject to Flooding 1. square feet 2. cubic feet of flood storage lost 3. cubic feet replaced f. Riverfront Area Hannum Brook (Inland) 1. Name of Waterway (if available) - specify coastal or inland 2. Width of Riverfront Area (check one): 25 ft. - Designated Densely Developed Areas only 100 ft. - New agricultural projects only 200 ft. - All other projects 3. Total area of Riverfront Area on the site of the proposed project: 691,360 S.F. square feet 4. Proposed alteration of the Riverfront Area: 37,195 S.F. a. total square feet 0 S.F. b. square feet within 100 ft. 37,195 S.F. c. square feet between 100 ft. and 200 ft. 5. Has an alternatives analysis been done and is it attached to this NOI? Yes No 6. Was the lot where the activity is proposed created prior to August 1, 1996? Yes No 3. Coastal Resource Areas: (See 310 CMR 10.25-10.35) Note: for coastal riverfront areas, please complete Section B.2.f. above. wpaform3.doc • rev. 2/8/2018 Page 4 of 9 4 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection - Wetlands WPA Form 3 – Notice of Intent Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M.G.L. c. 131, §40 Provided by MassDEP: MassDEP File Number Document Transaction Number City/Town B. Buffer Zone & Resource Area Impacts (temporary & permanent) (cont’d) Check all that apply below. Attach narrative and supporting documentation describing how the project will meet all performance standards for each of the resource areas altered, including standards requiring consideration of alternative project design or location. Online Users: Include your document transaction number (provided on your receipt page) with all supplementary information you submit to the Department. Resource Area Size of Proposed Alteration Proposed Replacement (if any) a. Designated Port Areas Indicate size under Land Under the Ocean, below b. Land Under the Ocean 1. square feet 2. cubic yards dredged c. Barrier Beach Indicate size under Coastal Beaches and/or Coastal Dunes below d. Coastal Beaches 1. square feet 2. cubic yards beach nourishment e. Coastal Dunes 1. square feet 2. cubic yards dune nourishment Size of Proposed Alteration Proposed Replacement (if any) f. Coastal Banks 1. linear feet g. Rocky Intertidal Shores 1. square feet h. Salt Marshes 1. square feet 2. sq ft restoration, rehab., creation i. Land Under Salt Ponds 1. square feet 2. cubic yards dredged j. Land Containing Shellfish 1. square feet k. Fish Runs Indicate size under Coastal Banks, inland Bank, Land Under the Ocean, and/or inland Land Under Waterbodies and Waterways, above 1. cubic yards dredged l. Land Subject to Coastal Storm Flowage 1. square feet 4. Restoration/Enhancement If the project is for the purpose of restoring or enhancing a wetland resource area in addition to the square footage that has been entered in Section B.2.b or B.3.h above, please enter the additional amount here. a. square feet of BVW b. square feet of Salt Marsh 5. Project Involves Stream Crossings a. number of new stream crossings b. number of replacement stream crossings wpaform3.doc • rev. 2/8/2018 Page 5 of 9 4 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection - Wetlands WPA Form 3 – Notice of Intent Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M.G.L. c. 131, §40 Provided by MassDEP: MassDEP File Number Document Transaction Number City/Town C. Other Applicable Standards and Requirements This is a proposal for an Ecological Restoration Limited Project. Skip Section C and complete Appendix A: Ecological Restoration Limited Project Checklists – Required Actions (310 CMR 10.11). Streamlined Massachusetts Endangered Species Act/Wetlands Protection Act Review 1. Is any portion of the proposed project located in Estimated Habitat of Rare Wildlife as indicated on the most recent Estimated Habitat Map of State-Listed Rare Wetland Wildlife published by the Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program (NHESP)? To view habitat maps, see the Massachusetts Natural Heritage Atlas or go to http://maps.massgis.state.ma.us/PRI_EST_HAB/viewer.htm. a. Yes No If yes, include proof of mailing or hand delivery of NOI to: Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program Division of Fisheries and Wildlife 1 Rabbit Hill Road Westborough, MA 01581 2017.08.01 b. Date of map If yes, the project is also subject to Massachusetts Endangered Species Act (MESA) review (321 CMR 10.18). To qualify for a streamlined, 30-day, MESA/Wetlands Protection Act review, please complete Section C.1.c, and include requested materials with this Notice of Intent (NOI); OR complete Section C.2.f, if applicable. If MESA supplemental information is not included with the NOI, by completing Section 1 of this form, the NHESP will require a separate MESA filing which may take up to 90 days to review (unless noted exceptions in Section 2 apply, see below). c. Submit Supplemental Information for Endangered Species Review∗ 1. Percentage/acreage of property to be altered: (a) within wetland Resource Area percentage/acreage (b) outside Resource Area percentage/acreage 2. Assessor’s Map or right-of-way plan of site 2. Project plans for entire project site, including wetland resource areas and areas outside of wetlands jurisdiction, showing existing and proposed conditions, existing and proposed tree/vegetation clearing line, and clearly demarcated limits of work ∗∗ (a) Project description (including description of impacts outside of wetland resource area & buffer zone) (b) Photographs representative of the site ∗ Some projects not in Estimated Habitat may be located in Priority Habitat, and require NHESP review (see http://www.mass.gov/eea/agencies/dfg/dfw/natural-heritage/regulatory-review/). Priority Habitat includes habitat for state-listed plants and strictly upland species not protected by the Wetlands Protection Act. ∗∗ MESA projects may not be segmented (321 CMR 10.16). The applicant must disclose full development plans even if such plans are not required as part of the Notice of Intent process. wpaform3.doc • rev. 2/8/2018 Page 6 of 9 4 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection - Wetlands WPA Form 3 – Notice of Intent Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M.G.L. c. 131, §40 Provided by MassDEP: MassDEP File Number Document Transaction Number City/Town C. Other Applicable Standards and Requirements (cont’d) (c) MESA filing fee (fee information available at http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/nhesp/regulatory_review/mesa/mesa_fee_schedule.htm). Make check payable to “Commonwealth of Massachusetts - NHESP” and mail to NHESP at above address Projects altering 10 or more acres of land, also submit: (d) Vegetation cover type map of site (e) Project plans showing Priority & Estimated Habitat boundaries (f) OR Check One of the Following 1. Project is exempt from MESA review. Attach applicant letter indicating which MESA exemption applies. (See 321 CMR 10.14, http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/nhesp/regulatory_review/mesa/mesa_exemptions.htm; the NOI must still be sent to NHESP if the project is within estimated habitat pursuant to 310 CMR 10.37 and 10.59.) 2. Separate MESA review ongoing. a. NHESP Tracking # b. Date submitted to NHESP 3. Separate MESA review completed. Include copy of NHESP “no Take” determination or valid Conservation & Management Permit with approved plan. 3. For coastal projects only, is any portion of the proposed project located below the mean high water line or in a fish run? a. Not applicable – project is in inland resource area only b. Yes No If yes, include proof of mailing, hand delivery, or electronic delivery of NOI to either: South Shore - Cohasset to Rhode Island border, and the Cape & Islands: Division of Marine Fisheries - Southeast Marine Fisheries Station Attn: Environmental Reviewer 836 South Rodney French Blvd. New Bedford, MA 02744 Email: DMF.EnvReview-South@state.ma.us North Shore - Hull to New Hampshire border: Division of Marine Fisheries - North Shore Office Attn: Environmental Reviewer 30 Emerson Avenue Gloucester, MA 01930 Email: DMF.EnvReview-North@state.ma.us Also if yes, the project may require a Chapter 91 license. For coastal towns in the Northeast Region, please contact MassDEP’s Boston Office. For coastal towns in the Southeast Region, please contact MassDEP’s Southeast Regional Office. wpaform3.doc • rev. 2/8/2018 Page 7 of 9 4 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection - Wetlands WPA Form 3 – Notice of Intent Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M.G.L. c. 131, §40 Provided by MassDEP: MassDEP File Number Document Transaction Number City/Town C. Other Applicable Standards and Requirements (cont’d) Online Users: Include your document transaction number (provided on your receipt page) with all supplementary information you submit to the Department. 4. Is any portion of the proposed project within an Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC)? a. Yes No If yes, provide name of ACEC (see instructions to WPA Form 3 or MassDEP Website for ACEC locations). Note: electronic filers click on Website. b. ACEC 5. Is any portion of the proposed project within an area designated as an Outstanding Resource Water (ORW) as designated in the Massachusetts Surface Water Quality Standards, 314 CMR 4.00? a. Yes No 6. Is any portion of the site subject to a Wetlands Restriction Order under the Inland Wetlands Restriction Act (M.G.L. c. 131, § 40A) or the Coastal Wetlands Restriction Act (M.G.L. c. 130, § 105)? a. Yes No 7. Is this project subject to provisions of the MassDEP Stormwater Management Standards? a. Yes. Attach a copy of the Stormwater Report as required by the Stormwater Management Standards per 310 CMR 10.05(6)(k)-(q) and check if: 1. Applying for Low Impact Development (LID) site design credits (as described in Stormwater Management Handbook Vol. 2, Chapter 3) 2. A portion of the site constitutes redevelopment 3. Proprietary BMPs are included in the Stormwater Management System. b. No. Check why the project is exempt: 1. Single-family house 2. Emergency road repair 3. Small Residential Subdivision (less than or equal to 4 single-family houses or less than or equal to 4 units in multi-family housing project) with no discharge to Critical Areas. D. Additional Information This is a proposal for an Ecological Restoration Limited Project. Skip Section D and complete Appendix A: Ecological Restoration Notice of Intent – Minimum Required Documents (310 CMR 10.12). Applicants must include the following with this Notice of Intent (NOI). See instructions for details. Online Users: Attach the document transaction number (provided on your receipt page) for any of the following information you submit to the Department. 1. USGS or other map of the area (along with a narrative description, if necessary) containing sufficient information for the Conservation Commission and the Department to locate the site. (Electronic filers may omit this item.) 2. Plans identifying the location of proposed activities (including activities proposed to serve as a Bordering Vegetated Wetland [BVW] replication area or other mitigating measure) relative to the boundaries of each affected resource area. wpaform3.doc • rev. 2/8/2018 Page 8 of 9 4 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection - Wetlands WPA Form 3 – Notice of Intent Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M.G.L. c. 131, §40 Provided by MassDEP: MassDEP File Number Document Transaction Number City/Town D. Additional Information (cont’d) 3. Identify the method for BVW and other resource area boundary delineations (MassDEP BVW Field Data Form(s), Determination of Applicability, Order of Resource Area Delineation, etc.), and attach documentation of the methodology. 4. List the titles and dates for all plans and other materials submitted with this NOI. Plans to Accompany Permit Documents for Syncarpha Northampton Solar Project a. Plan Title Beals Associates, Inc. b. Prepared By Todd P. Morey, P.E. c. Signed and Stamped by d. Final Revision Date Varies - See Plans e. Scale f. Additional Plan or Document Title g. Date 5. If there is more than one property owner, please attach a list of these property owners not listed on this form. 6. Attach proof of mailing for Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, if needed. 7. Attach proof of mailing for Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, if needed. 8. Attach NOI Wetland Fee Transmittal Form 9. Attach Stormwater Report, if needed. E. Fees 1. Fee Exempt: No filing fee shall be assessed for projects of any city, town, county, or district of the Commonwealth, federally recognized Indian tribe housing authority, municipal housing authority, or the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Applicants must submit the following information (in addition to pages 1 and 2 of the NOI Wetland Fee Transmittal Form) to confirm fee payment: 2. Municipal Check Number 3. Check date 4. State Check Number 5. Check date 6. Payor name on check: First Name 7. Payor name on check: Last Name 4 Massachusetts Depa‰Ðnent of Environmental Protection Provided by’ÆssDEP†d Bu†ueau of Resou†uce P†uotection - We-µands WPA Fo†um 3 _ Notice o=nten‡ð Massachuse‰£S W‡”²ands Protection Act M.G.‡µ. c. 1 31 , †Ÿ40 F. Signatures and Submﬂáal Requirements i hereby certify unde†u’¿e penaﬁEes of pe-ñury that the foregoing Nofroe of lnteŒÊand accompanying PIans, doouments, and suppor-Ùng data areﬁùue and †⁄mPIete to the best of my knowedge. l understand that the Consen‹Ò’Ùon Commissien w“ípIace nof ca-ıOn ofŁãS Notice in a local newspape†u al the expense of’¿e appIicant in accordanceŒıh the weﬁùands-–guiatons, 31 0 CMR l O.05(5)(a). I furthe†u CeŒ¦y under pena›ães of pe”°ury›¾at all abutters were noŁüed ofﬁùis appI cation, PurSuant tO the requirements of M†EG†E†v†E C. 131 , †Ÿ 40. Nctice must be made by Certﬂxcate of Mailing o†u in writing by hand deIivery or cer‚µed ma™¬retum-ł‘êetpt requested) to aIl ab”Mers w“òn l OO feet of the property line Of the prQiect location. Fo†u Consenration Commiss-¦on:†grWo copies of the †⁄mPleted Notice of lnfont (Fom 3), including suppor™Lng pIans and doouments, two copies ofthe NOI Weﬂ”and Fee T›Bnem‘…aI Fo†um, and›¾e citŠYown fee payment, to the Conserva-Ùon Commlsston by ceri‘Ãed maiI o†u hand deIivery. Fo†u Ma5SDEP: One oopy of the compIeted Notice of Intent (Fom 3), induding supporting pIans and documents, One copy of the NOI Wedand Fee Transm’¿taI Fom, and a copy of the state fee payment to the MassDEP Rl›ÏionaI O‘üce (Seeﬂ¸st™²Ctions) by cerl”²ed man or hand ddivery. o‘‚rﬂµr: “wth’HapŸYŠÖnt h„Fﬂ@“⁄-½ed’¿e `l™Ï†Ÿ†h bQX in‰úy‘áŒÂOf†Ÿed™yn C,“Žem 3, above, refe†u to thŁł Sectfon and the lns™²Ctions for add-Øjonal submŠŒal requirements, The original and †⁄Pies must be sent simultaneousIy, FaiIure by the applicant to send †⁄Pies in a timeIy manne†u may result in dismjssal of the Notice of Inten‡µ NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 APPENDIX B: ABUTTER’S DATA 1OBJECTIDVersion ACCOUNT_NOMBOWNER_NAME_1 OWNER_NAME_2MAILING_ADDRESS_1CITY STATE_OR_COUNTRYZIP_CODE1 2018-08-06 42 -089-001 42 -089 NORTHAMPTON CITY OF LEACHATE TREATMENT FACILITY 170 GLENDALE RD FLORENCE MA 01062 2 2018-08-06 49 -003-001 49 -003 NORTHAMPTON CITY OF 210 MAIN ST NORTHAMPTON MA 01060 3 2018-08-06 49 -010-001 49 -010 ORCHID HILL FARM LLC 346 GLENDALE RD FLORENCE MA 01062 4 2018-08-06 49 -010-700 49 -010 ORCHID HILL FARM LLC 346 GLENDALE RD FLORENCE MA 01062 5 2018-08-06 49 -011-001 49 -011 DAVIS TOBIAS & CAROLINE MOORE 960 PARK HILL RD FLORENCE MA 01062 6 2018-08-06 49 -012-001 49 -012 BURT KENNETH C & JOHN H BURT 41 SCHOOL ST HATFIELD MA 01038 7 2018-08-06 49 -015-001 49 -015 BUSHEY JOANNE C 984 PARK HILL RD FLORENCE MA 01062 8 2018-08-06 49 -017-001 49 -017 MATUSKO DAVID S 972 PARK HILL RD FLORENCE MA 01062 9 2018-08-06 49 -019-001 49 -019 BENOIT ROGER D & BONNIE SPAULDING 942 PARK HILL RD FLORENCE MA 01062 10 2018-08-06 49 -029-001 49 -029 SKINNER MARY CAROL 809 PARK HILL RD FLORENCE MA 01062 11 2018-08-06 49 -030-001 49 -030 SKINNER MARY CAROL 809 PARK HILL RD FLORENCE MA 01062 12 2018-08-06 49 -041-001 49 -041 EASTHAMPTON TOWN OF 50 PAYSON AVE #110 EASTHAMPTON MA 01027 13 2018-08-06 49 -047-001 49 -047 STERNICK MARC & ADELE MARCUS 130 TURKEY HILL RD FLORENCE MA 01062 14 2018-08-06 49 -055-001 49 -055 PEASE KRISTOPHER T & TASHA LENAE 981 PARK HILL RD FLORENCE MA 01062 49__012_100ft_20180813 NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 APPENDIX C: PUBLIC NOTICE INFORMATION Notification to Abutters Under the Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act, and the Northampton Wetlands Ordinance In accordance with the second paragraph of the Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 131, Section 40, you are hereby notified of the following: The name of the applicant is: Syncarpha Solar, LLC The applicant has filed a Notice of Intent with the Northampton Conservation Commission seeking permission to remove, fill, dredge or alter an Area Subject to protection Under the Wetlands Protection Act (General Laws Chapter 131, Section 40) and the Northampton Wetlands Protection Ordinance (Chapter 337). The work proposed is: The project will consist of the development and construction of a ground mounted solar photovoltaic system. The project will include gravel access and maintenance roads and interconnection poles to the National Grid electrical system. The address of the lot where the activity is proposed is Off Park Hill Road. The Map and Lot is Map 49 Lot 012 Copies of the Notice of Intent may be examined at the Office of Planning and Sustainability, 210 Main Street, Room 11, between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday – Friday, and online at http://northamptonma.gov/948/Public-File-Cabinet, permit files are sorted by Map and Lot. Copies of the Notice of Intent and more information may be obtained from either (check one) the applicant, or the applicant's representative X, by calling this telephone number (617) 242 - 1120 between the hours of 8:00 AM and 5:30 PM on the following days of the week: Monday through Thursday, and between the hours of 8:00 AM and 12:00 PM on Friday. Information regarding the date, time, and place of the public hearing may be obtained from the Office of Planning and Sustainability by calling the Conservation Agent at (413) 587- 1263. Conservation Commission agendas are also posted at http://northamptonma.gov/AgendaCenter/Conservation-Commission-7 NOTE: Notice of the public hearing, including its date, time, and place, will published seven days in advance of the hearing in the Daily Hampshire Gazette, and will be posted in a ‘Public Notice’ sign on the subject property. NOTE: Notice of the public hearing, including its date, time, and place, will be posted in the Northampton City Hall not less than forty-eight (48) hours in advance. NOTE: You also may contact the nearest Department of Environmental Protection Regional Office for more information about this application or the Wetlands Protection Act. To contact DEP, call the Western Region at (413) 784-1100. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 APPENDIX D: AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE AFFIDAViT OF SERVICE Under the Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act And the Northanpton Wetlands Ordinance (7b be submitted to /heŸessachusetts Department QfEnvironmental Protection and the Conservation Commission whenfling a Notice Q/JJ?ten4) I, Todd P. Morev. Name Q/person ma‡ñingŠcfc‡Ëvlt hereby certify under the pains and penalties ofperjury that on August 27, 201 8 ‰w7te I gave notification to abutteri in compliance with the second paragraph of Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 13 1†fSection 40, and the DEP Guide to Abutter No‚µcation dated Apri1 8, 1994, in comection with the following matter: A Notice ofIntent wasŠ’ed under the Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act by Svncaroha Solar. LLC with the Name QrAppllcant Northanpton Conservation Commission on August 27. 201 8 for property (‡Ëte located at OffPark Hill Road AcŸ]ess `2/land where work js praposed The fom of the noti‰ucation and a list ofthe abutters to whom it was glVen and their addresses, are attached to this Affidavit of Service. …m†@†¡ NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 APPENDIX E: MADEP TRANSMITTAL FORM noifeetf.doc • Wetland Fee Transmittal Form • rev. 10/11 Page 1 of 2 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection - Wetlands NOI Wetland Fee Transmittal Form Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M.G.L. c. 131, §40 Important: When filling out forms on the computer, use only the tab key to move your cursor - do not use the return key. A. Applicant Information 1. Location of Project: Park Hill Road a. Street Address Northampton b. City/Town c. Check number d. Fee amount 2. Applicant Mailing Address: Keith a. First Name Akers b. Last Name Syncarpha Solar, LLC c. Organization 250 West 57th Street, Suite 701 d. Mailing Address New York e. City/Town New York f. State 10107 g. Zip Code 212.419.4840 h. Phone Number i. Fax Number keith.akers@syncarpha.com j. Email Address 3. Property Owner (if different): Kenneth C. & John H. Burt & JKB Farms, Inc. a. First Name b. Last Name c. Organization 41 School Street d. Mailing Address Hatfield e. City/Town Massachusetts f. State 01038 g. Zip Code h. Phone Number i. Fax Number j. Email Address To calculate filing fees, refer to the category fee list and examples in the instructions for filling out WPA Form 3 (Notice of Intent). B. Fees Fee should be calculated using the following process & worksheet. Please see Instructions before filling out worksheet. Step 1/Type of Activity: Describe each type of activity that will occur in wetland resource area and buffer zone. Step 2/Number of Activities: Identify the number of each type of activity. Step 3/Individual Activity Fee: Identify each activity fee from the six project categories listed in the instructions. Step 4/Subtotal Activity Fee: Multiply the number of activities (identified in Step 2) times the fee per category (identified in Step 3) to reach a subtotal fee amount. Note: If any of these activities are in a Riverfront Area in addition to another Resource Area or the Buffer Zone, the fee per activity should be multiplied by 1.5 and then added to the subtotal amount. Step 5/Total Project Fee: Determine the total project fee by adding the subtotal amounts from Step 4. Step 6/Fee Payments: To calculate the state share of the fee, divide the total fee in half and subtract $12.50. To calculate the city/town share of the fee, divide the total fee in half and add $12.50. noifeetf.doc • Wetland Fee Transmittal Form • rev. 10/11 Page 2 of 2 Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Resource Protection - Wetlands NOI Wetland Fee Transmittal Form Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act M.G.L. c. 131, §40 B. Fees (continued) Step 1/Type of Activity Step 2/Number of Activities Step 3/Individual Activity Fee Step 4/Subtotal Activity Fee 2j. - Other Activity (Solar Panels) 1 $500 $500 3c - Construction of roadway 1 $1,050 $1,050 Step 5/Total Project Fee: $1,550 Step 6/Fee Payments: Total Project Fee: $1,550 a. Total Fee from Step 5 State share of filing Fee: $762.50 b. 1/2 Total Fee less $12.50 City/Town share of filling Fee: $787.50 c. 1/2 Total Fee plus $12.50 C. Submittal Requirements a.) Complete pages 1 and 2 and send with a check or money order for the state share of the fee, payable to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Department of Environmental Protection Box 4062 Boston, MA 02211 b.) To the Conservation Commission: Send the Notice of Intent or Abbreviated Notice of Intent; a copy of this form; and the city/town fee payment. To MassDEP Regional Office (see Instructions): Send a copy of the Notice of Intent or Abbreviated Notice of Intent; a copy of this form; and a copy of the state fee payment. (E-filers of Notices of Intent may submit these electronically.) NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 APPENDIX F: MADEP POLICY 17-1 Charles D. Baker Governor Karyn E. Polito Lieutenant Governor Matthew A. Beaton Secretary Martin Suuberg Commissioner This information is available in alternate format. Contact Michelle Waters-Ekanem, Director of Diversity/Civil Rights at 617-292-5751. TTY# MassRelay Service 1-800-439-2370 MassDEP Website: www.mass.gov/dep Printed on Recycled Paper Wetlands Program Policy 17-1: Photovoltaic System Solar Array Review Effective Date: 9-23-2017 DWW Policy 08-1 (BWR/WWP 17-1) Program Applicability: All Boston and Regional BWR Programs, Municipal Conservation Commissions, and developers of solar photovoltaic systems. Supersedes Policy: None Approved by: Lealdon Langley, Director - Wetlands and Waterways Program PURPOSE: This policy sets forth the Department's approach for reviewing ground-mounted solar photovoltaic systems relative to wetland jurisdiction. STATUTORY AND REGULATORY BACKGROUND: MGL c. 131, s. 40: Wetlands Protection Act (“Act”) and 310 CMR 10.00. MGL c. 21, s. 27: Massachusetts Water Quality Certification regulations, 314 CMR 9.00. MGL c. 40A, s. 3: Massachusetts Zoning law states that no zoning ordinance or by-law shall prohibit or unreasonably regulate solar energy systems except where necessary to protect public health, safety, or welfare. Green Communities Act (“GCA”): Acts of 2008 Chapter 169 promotes adoption of new policies to encourage investment in renewable energy and boost energy efficiency; provides grants to municipalities; works with the Clean Energy Center and others to site projects; develops policy on emerging renewable energy issues; and encourages solar projects development on closed landfills and other brownfields. The GCA is designed to expand the ability of municipalities, residential customers, and businesses to produce 2 electricity on their own premises; and to facilitate commercialization of and growth in large-scale energy sources that produce little or no greenhouse gas emissions. SITING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS: The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP) strongly encourages the use of upland properties for locating ground-mounted photovoltaic systems (PVS). Placement of PVSs within jurisdictional wetlands is highly discouraged. Placement of PVSs within wetland buffer zones may be permissible with proper oversight of the issues discussed in this policy and proper authorization through the permitting process of the Wetland Protection Act. Wetlands impacted by PVS projects may also be subject to Sections 401 and 404 of the federal Clean Water Act. Large wooded parcels of land, historically, which have been difficult to develop in the past due to steep topography, shallow bedrock, or poor percolation rates, are often targeted for conversion to solar, development of such sites present unique challenges. Clearing, stumping, and grading of large sloped areas require special measures and attention to control changes in site hydrology and associated erosion impacts during construction. In addition, conversion of forests to PVS arrays is less beneficial for greenhouse gas reduction than converting disturbed areas to PVSs. STANDARDS OF REVIEW: PVSs contemplated for locations in resource areas are subject to all regulatory performance standards. Alterations to resource areas include direct impacts associated with constructing PVS arrays as well as indirect wetland alterations resulting from either decreased sunlight from panel shading or increased solar exposure from the selective cutting of tree canopies. For purposes of this policy, use of the term “panels” includes “integrated panels (or tables)” which consist of a number of individual panels joined and manufactured as a single unit. The regulatory standard for all wetland resource areas requires the avoidance and minimization of project impacts, 310 CMR 10.55(4)(b). The regulatory standard for Bordering Vegetated Wetlands (BVW) is “shall not destroy or otherwise impair …” MassDEP has determined that placing solar arrays over BVW will result in an impairment that is prohibited or requires mitigation in accordance with 310 CMR 10.55(4). Despite the discretionary allowance for BVW impacts afforded by 10.55(4)(b), direct and indirect BVW alterations require mitigation in the same general area of the water body or reach of the waterway as the lost area. Where the proposed BVW replacement is located in upland on the project locus, suitable upland locations need to be considered as a primary alternative for locating PVSs, which would avoid wetland resources impacts all together. As part of an alternatives analysis, the guiding presumption is that any on- site potential upland available for mitigation should be considered for use in constructing PVSs. As such, the Applicant must demonstrate why that the placement of solar arrays within BVW is not avoidable. The amount of alteration proposed must be based upon the areal extent of resource areas proposed to be altered, based on the canopy area of trees projected to reach shading height throughout the life of the project, not the basal area of trees and shrubs to be removed or pruned within resource areas. See Appendix A. 3 Proposals to locate panels within other resource areas, for example Riverfront Area or Bordering Land Subject to Flooding should be evaluated as to whether the placement is avoidable and whether the placement would meet the performance standards for the resource area. In resource areas, consideration should also be given to impacts to wetland resource areas adjacent to, and within, PVSs anticipated from long-term vegetation controls for site maintenance. Project proponents should evaluate the extent of anticipated future vegetation management impacts that may require the filing of a subsequent Notice of Intent. Certain components of PVS projects may qualify as a Limited Project per 310 CMR 10.53(3). PVS components include: new access roadways 10.53(3)(e); construction, operation, or maintenance of public utility electric distribution or transmission lines 10.53(3)(d); or the improvement, repair and/or replacement of an existing access roadway needed to transport equipment to a renewable energy project site 10.53(3)(t). The following information is required as part of the Notice of Intent (NOI) to demonstrate avoidance, minimization and mitigation: 1. Avoid: An analysis of alternatives which avoids resource area alterations must be conducted which includes, but is not limited to:  An alternatives analysis that considers available upland locations for PVS arrays and other project components on the subject parcel.  A review of alternative interconnection locations and types available to the solar facility for connecting the solar PV system to the electric grid (e.g. overhead vs. underground connections and various routes).  A discussion as to how the size of the PVS array can be reduced though elimination of some panels, the use of fewer, more efficient, panels that generate a greater amount of electricity, or reducing the spacing between panels/tables, for example, while maintaining project viability. 2. Minimize: If it remains necessary to remove vegetation to reduce or eliminate shading and achieve the preferred PVS project, the amount of alteration proposed must be minimized. To demonstrate that project impacts are minimized, the applicant must:  Provide an analysis that evaluates the use of high efficiency panels (e.g. panels that track the sun) and locating panels in a manner that reduces the need for future vegetation management and wetland alteration;  Evaluate the extent to which selective canopy alteration (e.g. pollarding) is feasible to prevent shading of the PVS versus clear-cutting;  Evaluate the use of specialized tree clearing equipment from upland locations to reduce wetland alteration for selective tree removal;  Describe how access roads, wetland crossings, and work in the buffer zone will minimize erosion or sedimentation. 4  Demonstrate that ancillary structures related to construction of a solar installation or transmission of power in wetland resource areas are using best design and management practices; if fencing is proposed, the fence shall be at least 6-inches off the ground to provide for wildlife passage for the length of the fence.  Apply the principles of Environmentally Sensitive Site Design and Low Impact Development (LID) Techniques (310 CMR 10.04) in the design and monitoring of stormwater controls (during both construction and post-construction). 3. Mitigate: Following all efforts to minimize impacts, the applicant must demonstrate that mitigation measures are provided that:  assure alterations proposed to wetland resource area BVW will be mitigated pursuant to the requirements of 310 CMR 10.00 and 314 CMR 9.00 (i.e. the mitigation area corresponds to the areal extent of resource areas altered, including the canopy area of trees and shrubs to be removed or pruned within resource areas);  monitoring plans are designed to evaluate mitigation success;  to the extent practicable, native soils are undisturbed, or in the cases where topsoil is removed, a minimum of six inches of native topsoil, or a comparable compost- mulch mix, is replaced to facilitate plant growth and adequate vegetation coverage to control stormwater runoff.  post-construction tree and shrub maintenance plans related to avoiding future shading of panels are developed; and  use of seed mixes and plantings are comprised of species native or naturalized to Massachusetts. (Note that any future vegetation management, beyond that authorized or conditioned in the project Order of Conditions will require the filing of a separate Notice of Intent or Request for Determination of Applicability). 4. Stormwater Management The Stormwater Management Standards contained at 310 CMR 10.05(6)(k) apply to PVS projects. The stormwater standards include: attenuation of peak rates of runoff caused by land development (310 CMR 10.05(6)(k)2), provision of recharge (310 CMR 10.05(6)(k)3), control of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) from impervious surfaces (excluding solar panels) (310 CMR 10.05(6)(k)4), and the provision of adequate erosion and sedimentation controls (310 CMR 10.05(6)(k)8). Solar projects within the Buffer Zone or other jurisdictional area should endeavor to utilize Low Impact Development techniques and will receive credit for Environmentally Sensitive Site Design when LID is incorporated pursuant to the “Minimum Criteria for Credit” from Volume 3, Chapter 1 of the Massachusetts Stormwater Handbook. DEP recommends the measures below to control the peak runoff rate, provide recharge, and treat TSS, provided the following are also met (note: the Applicant may provide documentation 5 for consideration demonstrating that the peak rate of runoff, recharge, and TSS treatment requirements are still met in cases where the factors below are not met):  slopes on which the PVS arrays are placed are not greater than 3:1 (18o or 33.5% slope), naturally or as graded;  an erosion control plan is developed and implemented which prevents direct discharges to wetlands and which grade the project site to avoid or minimize channelized stormwater flow from the Buffer Zone directly into wetland resource areas;  land disturbance and grading is conducted in a phased and selective manner (i.e. avoid, if possible, or minimize clearing the entire site at one time in order to minimize soil mobilization and the amount of soil exposure at any one time to reduce construction period runoff), or other appropriate construction best management practices are incorporated to preclude construction period runoff/erosion. Provide temporary land stabilization measures for all disturbed surfaces such as mulching until permanent native vegetative cover is established, and utilize temporary sedimentation basins as appropriate;  construction and post-construction phase stormwater management plans include sub-catchments under the PVS arrays which include stormwater BMPs such as infiltration trenches, water bar/log bars, and natural vegetative cover consisting solely of native grass and plant species (note: the extent of stormwater BMPs required will depend largely on the existing cover type as compared to the proposed cover type. In some instances, BMPs may not be necessary, where the proposed cover type represents an improvement over existing conditions);  top soil is preserved or supplemented sufficient to maintain vegetation cover;  solar panel rows are spaced in a manner to allow sunlight penetration sufficient to support vegetation between the solar panel rows;  where panel rows follow the slope (i.e. the panel arrays are constructed down, rather than across, a slope) provide intermittent gaps between adjacent panels sufficient to accommodate anticipated runoff so that runoff occurs from individual panels rather than from the length of the entire array;  panel drip edges (or leading edge of panels) are no greater than 10-feet above the ground surface;  no conveyances or outfalls are constructed; and.  no work is proposed in a buffer zone of Resource Areas that borders a Critical Area, as defined at 314 CMR 9.02, or in the estimated habitat identified on the most recent Estimated Habitat Map of State Listed Rare Species prepared by the Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program. PVS array designs which do not qualify for LID credits shall demonstrate compliance with the Stormwater Management Standards specified at 310 CMR 10.05(6)(k)1-10, except that no stormwater recharge or TSS treatment shall be required when the ground surface under, and adjacent to, the PVS arrays consists of gravel/crushed stone or is planted and maintained with 6 native vegetative cover sufficient to provide adequate infiltration and eliminate surface water runoff. For peak rate attenuation, the runoff curve number computations shall be reflective of the final land cover type being proposed below the panels and between the rows of panels. Further, the land cover type must accurately reflect the existing condition in the stormwater calculations; Applicants are cautioned to appropriately evaluate the existing land cover type to avoid post-construction issues arising from stormwater runoff. An erosion and sedimentation control plan is required to be submitted as part of the NOI review pursuant to 310 CMR 10.05(6)(b) and 10.05(6)(k)8. Provision of perimeter controls alone is not sufficient to meet 310 CMR 10.05(6)(b) and 10.05(6)(k)8. In addition to perimeter controls, the plan must demonstrate land disturbance will be minimized at any one time, or that other appropriate measures are implemented, to prevent erosion to resource areas. When calculations show an increase in peak flow, MassDEP recommends that re-engineering be conducted to include construction of retention basins or grading modifications (such as terracing or berms), infiltration trenches, bioengineering techniques, non-structural practices (e.g. establishment of a suitably sized and graded buffer area between the panels and vegetated wetlands or land under water) to mitigate the peak flows. 5. Accessory Structures Access roads, parking areas, and rooftops of buildings or structures associated with a PVS arrays are fully subject to the Stormwater Management Standards specified at 310 CMR 10.05(6)(k). The selected Runoff Curve Number must be from the U. S. Natural Resources Conservation Service WinTR55 Land Use Details list for roads, parking, or rooftops depending on proposed surface and Hydrologic Soil Group. ________________________________________ September 22, 2017 Lealdon Langley Director Wetlands and Waterways Program 7 Appendix A Sample Template for Estimating Tree Clearing Impacts Diameter of Tree at Breast Height (DBH) (inches) Number of Trees of this DBH Estimated Tree Basal Area Alteration (square feet)(1) Estimated Tree Canopy Alteration (square feet)(2) Total Wetland Alteration (square feet) (3) 4 1 0.09 133.3 133.3 5 1 0.14 133.3 133.4 6 1 0.20 133.3 133.4 7 1 0.27 133.3 133.5 8 2 0.70 266.5 267.2 9 2 0.88 266.5 267.4 10 2 1.09 266.5 267.6 11 2 1.32 266.5 267.8 12 2 1.57 266.5 268.1 13 2 1.84 266.5 268.3 14 2 2.14 266.5 268.6 15 2 2.45 266.5 269.0 16 2 2.79 266.5 269.3 17 2 3.15 266.5 269.7 18 2 3.53 266.5 270.0 19 2 3.94 266.5 270.4 20 2 4.36 266.5 270.9 22 1 2.64 133.3 135.9 23 1 2.88 133.3 136.1 24 1 3.14 133.3 136.4 25 2 6.81 266.5 273.3 30 1 4.91 133.3 138.2 Totals 36 50.83 4797.00 4847.83 Table Notes: (1) Spreadsheet Formula: =((3.14/4)*((A2/12)^2))*B2 (2) Spreadsheet formula =205*B2*0.65. Tree canopy estimates should be determined in the field based on an assessment of the average drip line radius associated with the trees proposed to be selectively cut. In this example, if the average tree line drip radius of the trees proposed to be selectively removed is approximately 10 feet per tree (diameter 20 feet per tree), this translates to an approximate total canopy area of approximately 315 square feet per tree (A = πr2). Then, based on visual observations made in the field, estimate the total percent cover of the tree layer to be altered by the selective tree removal using the methodology prescribed in MassDEP's BVW Delineation Handbook. For example, if the total estimated percent cover is 65% this would result in a refined canopy area impact estimate of approximately 205 s.f per tree (0.65 x 315 s.f.). Percent cover is the percent of the ground surface that would be covered if the foliage from a particular species or layer were projected onto the ground, ignoring small gaps between the leaves and branches. This methodology assumes the understory and shrub/sapling layers remain substantially intact and undisturbed as a result of selective tree removal, with mechanized equipment operating in the adjoining uplands and reaching into the wetlands or work is otherwise conducted by hand operated equipment (chainsaws, etc). This methodology does not apply to clear cuts or equipment operating in wetlands on construction mats that would disturb the surface of the wetland and understory vegetation. (3) Total wetland alteration estimate includes the estimated basal area and percentage of tree canopy to be removed. This impact estimate is limited to the selective tree removal and does not take into account other wetland impacts that might be associated with a particular project. NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 APPENDIX G: FIGURES 2500 500 SCALE: 1"=500' 2 PARK PLAZA SUITE 200 BOSTON, MA 02116PHONE: 617-242-1120sPLANNING sENGINEERINGsPERMITTING sMANAGEMENT COPYRIGHT Ó BY BEALS ASSOCIATES INC. - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Aerial Photo Northampton Massachusetts Syncarpha Solar, LLC 250 W 57th Street, Suite 701 New York, NY Figure 1 Date: June, 2018 SUBJECT SITE PARK HILL ROADTOWN LINE:NORTHAMPTONEASTHAMPTONGLENDALE ROAD 2500 500 SCALE: 1"=500' 2 PARK PLAZA SUITE 200 BOSTON, MA 02116PHONE: 617-242-1120sPLANNING sENGINEERINGsPERMITTING sMANAGEMENT COPYRIGHT Ó BY BEALS ASSOCIATES INC. - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Tax Map Northampton Massachusetts Syncarpha Solar, LLC 250 W 57th Street, Suite 701 New York, NY Figure 2 Date: June, 2018 SUBJECT SITE PARK HILL ROADTOWN LINE:NORTHAMPTONEASTHAMPTONGLENDALE ROAD 10000 2000 SCALE: 1"=2000' 2 PARK PLAZA SUITE 200 BOSTON, MA 02116PHONE: 617-242-1120sPLANNING sENGINEERINGsPERMITTING sMANAGEMENT COPYRIGHT Ó BY BEALS ASSOCIATES INC. - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED USGS Map Northampton Massachusetts Syncarpha Solar, LLC 250 W 57th Street, Suite 701 New York, NY Figure 3 Date: June, 2018 SUBJECT SITE SCALE: AS NOTED 2 PARK PLAZA SUITE 200 BOSTON, MA 02116PHONE: 617-242-1120sPLANNING sENGINEERINGsPERMITTING sMANAGEMENT COPYRIGHT Ó BY BEALS ASSOCIATES INC. - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Zoning Map Northampton Massachusetts Syncarpha Solar, LLC 250 W 57th Street, Suite 701 New York, NY Figure 4 Date: June, 2018 SUBJECT SITE HANNUM BROOK ZONE "C" ZONE "A" ZONE "C" 2500 500 SCALE: 1"=500' 2 PARK PLAZA SUITE 200 BOSTON, MA 02116PHONE: 617-242-1120sPLANNING sENGINEERINGsPERMITTING sMANAGEMENT COPYRIGHT Ó BY BEALS ASSOCIATES INC. - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FEMA - Flood Insurance Rate Map Northampton Massachusetts Syncarpha Solar, LLC 250 W 57th Street, Suite 701 New York, NY Figure 5 Date: June, 2018 SUBJECT SITE TOWN LINE:NORTHAMPTONEASTHAMPTON SCALE: AS NOTED 2 PARK PLAZA SUITE 200 BOSTON, MA 02116PHONE: 617-242-1120sPLANNING sENGINEERINGsPERMITTING sMANAGEMENT COPYRIGHT Ó BY BEALS ASSOCIATES INC. - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NRCS - Soils Map Northampton Massachusetts Syncarpha Solar, LLC 250 W 57th Street, Suite 701 New York, NY Figure 6 Date: June, 2018 SUBJECT SITE SCALE: AS NOTED 2 PARK PLAZA SUITE 200 BOSTON, MA 02116PHONE: 617-242-1120sPLANNING sENGINEERINGsPERMITTING sMANAGEMENT COPYRIGHT Ó BY BEALS ASSOCIATES INC. - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NRCS - Soils Map Legend & Notes Northampton Massachusetts Syncarpha Solar, LLC 250 W 57th Street, Suite 701 New York, NY Figure 6 Date: June, 2018 SCALE: AS NOTED 2 PARK PLAZA SUITE 200 BOSTON, MA 02116PHONE: 617-242-1120sPLANNING sENGINEERINGsPERMITTING sMANAGEMENT COPYRIGHT Ó BY BEALS ASSOCIATES INC. - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NRCS - Soils Map Northampton Massachusetts Syncarpha Solar, LLC 250 W 57th Street, Suite 701 New York, NY Figure 6 Date: June, 2018 MAP UNIT LEGEND 2500 500 SCALE: 1"=500' 2 PARK PLAZA SUITE 200 BOSTON, MA 02116PHONE: 617-242-1120sPLANNING sENGINEERINGsPERMITTING sMANAGEMENT COPYRIGHT Ó BY BEALS ASSOCIATES INC. - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NHESP Map Northampton Massachusetts Syncarpha Solar, LLC 250 W 57th Street, Suite 701 New York, NY Figure 7 Date: June, 2018 SUBJECT SITE PARK HILL ROADTOWN LINE:NORTHAMPTONEASTHAMPTONGLENDALE ROAD AS SHOWN THERE ARE NO NHESP VERNAL POOLS OR PRIORITY HABITAT OF RARE AND ENDANGERED SPECIES AREAS LOCATED ON THE SITE ACCORDING TO MASS GIS. 2500 500 SCALE: 1"=500' 2 PARK PLAZA SUITE 200 BOSTON, MA 02116PHONE: 617-242-1120sPLANNING sENGINEERINGsPERMITTING sMANAGEMENT COPYRIGHT Ó BY BEALS ASSOCIATES INC. - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Surficial Geology Map Northampton Massachusetts Syncarpha Solar, LLC 250 W 57th Street, Suite 701 New York, NY Figure 8 Date: June, 2018 SUBJECT SITE PARK HILL ROADTOWN LINE:NORTHAMPTONEASTHAMPTONGLENDALE ROAD NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 APPENDIX H: PHOTOGRAPHS Page 1 ` Image 1: Looking East at Park Hill Extension from Paved Portion Image 2: Looking West at Park Hill Extension, Beginning of Gravel Page 2 Image 3: Looking North at Wetland Resource Area; A Image 4: View of Park Hill Extension Looking West Page 3 . Image 5: View of Site Entrance Looking East on Park Hill Extension Image 6: Site Entrance From Park Hill Extension Page 4 Image 8: View of Western Side of Site From Entrance Image 7: View of Eastern Side of Site from Entrance Page 5 Image 10: View of Hannum Brook Image 9: View of Significant Trees to be Removed in Center of Site Page 6 Image 11: Beginning of Park Hill Extension Gravel After Heavy Rains Image 12: Park Hill Extension After Heavy Rains NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 APPENDIX I: NRCS SOILS DATA United States Department of Agriculture A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants Custom Soil Resource Report for Hampshire County, Massachusetts, Central Part Natural Resources Conservation Service June 4, 2018 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/? cid=nrcs142p2_053951). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require 2 alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface....................................................................................................................2 How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5 Soil Map..................................................................................................................8 Soil Map................................................................................................................9 Legend................................................................................................................10 Map Unit Legend................................................................................................12 Map Unit Descriptions........................................................................................13 Hampshire County, Massachusetts, Central Part...........................................15 4A—Rippowam fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes..............................15 39A—Scarboro mucky fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes...................16 51A—Swansea muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes...............................................17 88A—Ridgebury fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony..........19 225B—Belgrade silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes........................................20 253A—Hinckley loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes....................................21 253C—Hinckley loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes..................................22 255C—Windsor loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes..................................24 255D—Windsor loamy sand, 15 to 25 percent slopes................................26 256A—Deerfield loamy fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes............................27 258A—Amostown fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes..........................28 258B—Amostown fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes..........................29 306C—Paxton fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony...........30 310C—Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes.....................32 311B—Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony.....34 311C—Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony...35 600—Pits, gravel.........................................................................................37 652—Udorthents, refuse substratum..........................................................37 References............................................................................................................39 4 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil 5 scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and Custom Soil Resource Report 6 identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. Custom Soil Resource Report 7 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 8 SUBJECTPROPERTY MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Unit Polygons Soil Map Unit Lines Soil Map Unit Points Special Point Features Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit Gravelly Spot Landfill Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot Sinkhole Slide or Slip Sodic Spot Spoil Area Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Wet Spot Other Special Line Features Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:15,800. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Hampshire County, Massachusetts, Central Part Survey Area Data: Version 12, Oct 6, 2017 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Mar 28, 2011—Apr 18, 2011 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background Custom Soil Resource Report 10 MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 11 Map Unit Legend Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 4A Rippowam fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes 7.6 4.8% 39A Scarboro mucky fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes 0.2 0.1% 51A Swansea muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes 3.3 2.1% 88A Ridgebury fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony 0.4 0.3% 225B Belgrade silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 26.0 16.4% 253A Hinckley loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes 29.1 18.4% 253C Hinckley loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes 16.2 10.2% 255C Windsor loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes 6.7 4.3% 255D Windsor loamy sand, 15 to 25 percent slopes 6.8 4.3% 256A Deerfield loamy fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes 1.6 1.0% 258A Amostown fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes 4.3 2.7% 258B Amostown fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes 0.1 0.0% 306C Paxton fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony 11.8 7.5% 310C Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes 9.1 5.8% 311B Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony 16.1 10.2% 311C Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony 6.4 4.0% 600 Pits, gravel 5.7 3.6% 652 Udorthents, refuse substratum 6.8 4.3% Totals for Area of Interest 158.1 100.0% Custom Soil Resource Report 12 Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas Custom Soil Resource Report 13 shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. Custom Soil Resource Report 14 Hampshire County, Massachusetts, Central Part 4A—Rippowam fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9b1n Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Rippowam and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Rippowam Setting Landform: Alluvial flats Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Loamy alluvium over sandy and gravelly alluvium derived from granite and gneiss Typical profile H1 - 0 to 5 inches: fine sandy loam H2 - 5 to 24 inches: fine sandy loam H3 - 24 to 60 inches: loamy sand Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.60 to 6.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 18 inches Frequency of flooding: Frequent Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.6 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w Hydrologic Soil Group: A/D Hydric soil rating: Yes Minor Components Pootatuck Percent of map unit: 5 percent Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 15 Saco Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Alluvial flats Hydric soil rating: Yes Limerick Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Alluvial flats Hydric soil rating: Yes 39A—Scarboro mucky fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2svky Elevation: 0 to 1,320 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 250 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Scarboro and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Scarboro Setting Landform: Drainageways, outwash terraces, outwash deltas, depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, tread, dip Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Sandy glaciofluvial deposits derived from schist and/or sandy glaciofluvial deposits derived from gneiss and/or sandy glaciofluvial deposits derived from granite Typical profile Oe - 0 to 3 inches: mucky peat A - 3 to 11 inches: mucky fine sandy loam Cg1 - 11 to 21 inches: sand Cg2 - 21 to 65 inches: gravelly coarse sand Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained Runoff class: Negligible Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (1.42 to 14.17 in/hr) Custom Soil Resource Report 16 Depth to water table: About 0 to 2 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: Frequent Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.7 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 5w Hydrologic Soil Group: A/D Hydric soil rating: Yes Minor Components Swansea Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Bogs, swamps Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes Walpole Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Deltas, outwash plains, outwash terraces, depressions, depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, dip, talf Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes Wareham Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Depressions Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes 51A—Swansea muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2trl2 Elevation: 0 to 1,140 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Farmland of unique importance Map Unit Composition Swansea and similar soils: 80 percent Minor components: 20 percent Custom Soil Resource Report 17 Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Swansea Setting Landform: Bogs, swamps Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Parent material: Highly decomposed organic material over loose sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits Typical profile Oa1 - 0 to 24 inches: muck Oa2 - 24 to 34 inches: muck Cg - 34 to 79 inches: coarse sand Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 1 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained Runoff class: Negligible Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high (0.14 to 14.17 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inches Frequency of flooding: Rare Frequency of ponding: Frequent Available water storage in profile: Very high (about 16.5 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 8w Hydrologic Soil Group: B/D Hydric soil rating: Yes Minor Components Freetown Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Bogs, swamps Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes Whitman Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Drainageways, depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes Scarboro Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Drainageways, depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Custom Soil Resource Report 18 Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, tread, dip Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes 88A—Ridgebury fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, very stony Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9b1l Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Ridgebury and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Ridgebury Setting Landform: Depressions Landform position (three-dimensional): Dip Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Friable loamy eolian deposits over dense loamy lodgment till derived from granite and gneiss Typical profile H1 - 0 to 2 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam H2 - 2 to 15 inches: gravelly sandy loam H3 - 15 to 60 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 2.0 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 25 inches to densic material Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately high (0.00 to 0.20 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 0 to 6 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Very low (about 1.9 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 7s Hydrologic Soil Group: D Custom Soil Resource Report 19 Hydric soil rating: Yes Minor Components Scituate Percent of map unit: 5 percent Hydric soil rating: No Whitman Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes Woodbridge Percent of map unit: 5 percent Hydric soil rating: No 225B—Belgrade silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 99z4 Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Belgrade and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Belgrade Setting Landform: Terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Coarse-silty glaciolacustrine deposits Typical profile H1 - 0 to 10 inches: silt loam H2 - 10 to 51 inches: very fine sandy loam H3 - 51 to 60 inches: loamy very fine sand Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained Runoff class: Low Custom Soil Resource Report 20 Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to high (0.06 to 2.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 18 to 42 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: High (about 10.7 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Raynham Percent of map unit: 15 percent Landform: Depressions Hydric soil rating: Yes 253A—Hinckley loamy sand, 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2svm7 Elevation: 0 to 1,420 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Hinckley and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Hinckley Setting Landform: Outwash plains, outwash deltas, kame terraces, outwash terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Linear, concave, convex Across-slope shape: Linear, convex, concave Parent material: Sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits derived from gneiss and/or granite and/or schist Typical profile Oe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant material A - 1 to 8 inches: loamy sand Bw1 - 8 to 11 inches: gravelly loamy sand Bw2 - 11 to 16 inches: gravelly loamy sand BC - 16 to 19 inches: very gravelly loamy sand Custom Soil Resource Report 21 C - 19 to 65 inches: very gravelly sand Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Excessively drained Runoff class: Negligible Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to very high (1.42 to 99.90 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3s Hydrologic Soil Group: A Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Merrimac Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Kame terraces, outwash terraces, outwash deltas Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Convex, concave, linear Across-slope shape: Linear, convex, concave Hydric soil rating: No Windsor Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Outwash terraces, kame terraces, outwash deltas Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Concave, linear, convex Across-slope shape: Linear, convex, concave Hydric soil rating: No Sudbury Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Kame terraces, outwash terraces, outwash deltas Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Convex, concave, linear Across-slope shape: Linear, convex, concave Hydric soil rating: No 253C—Hinckley loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2svm9 Custom Soil Resource Report 22 Elevation: 0 to 1,480 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Hinckley and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Hinckley Setting Landform: Eskers, moraines, outwash plains, kames, kame terraces, outwash terraces, outwash deltas Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, toeslope, footslope, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Crest, head slope, nose slope, side slope, riser Down-slope shape: Convex, concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear, convex Parent material: Sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits derived from gneiss and/or granite and/or schist Typical profile Oe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant material A - 1 to 8 inches: loamy sand Bw1 - 8 to 11 inches: gravelly loamy sand Bw2 - 11 to 16 inches: gravelly loamy sand BC - 16 to 19 inches: very gravelly loamy sand C - 19 to 65 inches: very gravelly sand Properties and qualities Slope: 8 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Excessively drained Runoff class: Very low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to very high (1.42 to 99.90 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.1 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Merrimac Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Eskers, moraines, outwash plains, kames, outwash terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope, footslope, toeslope Custom Soil Resource Report 23 Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, head slope, nose slope, crest, riser Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Hydric soil rating: No Windsor Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Eskers, moraines, outwash plains, kames, kame terraces, outwash terraces, outwash deltas Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope, footslope, toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Nose slope, side slope, crest, head slope, riser Down-slope shape: Convex, concave, linear Across-slope shape: Concave, linear, convex Hydric soil rating: No Sudbury Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Moraines, outwash plains, outwash terraces, kame terraces, outwash deltas Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, tread Down-slope shape: Concave, linear Across-slope shape: Linear, concave Hydric soil rating: No 255C—Windsor loamy sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2svkq Elevation: 0 to 1,260 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Windsor and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Windsor Setting Landform: — error in exists on — Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope, riser Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear, convex Custom Soil Resource Report 24 Parent material: Loose sandy glaciofluvial deposits derived from granite and/or loose sandy glaciofluvial deposits derived from schist and/or loose sandy glaciofluvial deposits derived from gneiss Typical profile Oe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant material Ap - 1 to 11 inches: loamy sand Bw - 11 to 31 inches: loamy sand C - 31 to 65 inches: sand Properties and qualities Slope: 8 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Excessively drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to very high (1.42 to 99.90 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.2 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Hinckley Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Eskers, deltas, outwash plains, kames Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Crest, head slope, nose slope, side slope, rise Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Hydric soil rating: No Deerfield Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Terraces, deltas, outwash plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread, talf Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 25 255D—Windsor loamy sand, 15 to 25 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2svlb Elevation: 0 to 1,290 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Windsor and similar soils: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Windsor Setting Landform: Deltas, outwash plains, dunes, outwash terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Riser, tread Down-slope shape: Linear, convex Across-slope shape: Linear, convex Parent material: Loose sandy glaciofluvial deposits derived from granite and/or loose sandy glaciofluvial deposits derived from schist and/or loose sandy glaciofluvial deposits derived from gneiss Typical profile Oe - 0 to 1 inches: moderately decomposed plant material A - 1 to 3 inches: loamy sand Bw - 3 to 25 inches: loamy sand C - 25 to 65 inches: sand Properties and qualities Slope: 15 to 25 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Excessively drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to very high (1.42 to 99.90 in/hr) Depth to water table: More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.5 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: A Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 26 Minor Components Merrimac Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Eskers, moraines, kames, stream terraces, outwash plains, outwash terraces Landform position (three-dimensional): Rise Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Hydric soil rating: No Hinckley Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Eskers, deltas, outwash plains, kames Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, shoulder, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Nose slope, side slope, crest, head slope, rise Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Hydric soil rating: No 256A—Deerfield loamy fine sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 99zp Elevation: 0 to 1,000 feet Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Deerfield and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Deerfield Setting Landform: Outwash plains, outwash terraces Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Linear Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Loose sandy glaciofluvial deposits Typical profile H1 - 0 to 9 inches: loamy fine sand H2 - 9 to 60 inches: fine sand Custom Soil Resource Report 27 Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained Runoff class: Very low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): High to very high (6.00 to 20.00 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 18 to 36 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: Low (about 3.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w Hydrologic Soil Group: A Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Windsor Percent of map unit: 10 percent Hydric soil rating: No Ninigret Percent of map unit: 5 percent Hydric soil rating: No 258A—Amostown fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 99z0 Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Amostown and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Amostown Setting Landform: Deltas, terraces, outwash plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Custom Soil Resource Report 28 Parent material: Friable sandy glaciofluvial deposits over silty glaciolacustrine deposits Typical profile H1 - 0 to 7 inches: fine sandy loam H2 - 7 to 32 inches: fine sandy loam H3 - 32 to 60 inches: stratified very fine sand to silt loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 18 to 36 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.3 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Pollux Percent of map unit: 15 percent Hydric soil rating: No Agawam Percent of map unit: 10 percent Hydric soil rating: No 258B—Amostown fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 99z1 Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Amostown and similar soils: 75 percent Minor components: 25 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Custom Soil Resource Report 29 Description of Amostown Setting Landform: Deltas, terraces, outwash plains Landform position (two-dimensional): Summit, footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Tread Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Parent material: Friable sandy glaciofluvial deposits over silty glaciolacustrine deposits Typical profile H1 - 0 to 7 inches: fine sandy loam H2 - 7 to 32 inches: fine sandy loam H3 - 32 to 60 inches: stratified very fine sand to silt loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 3 percent Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained Runoff class: Low Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately low to moderately high (0.06 to 0.60 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 18 to 36 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Available water storage in profile: High (about 9.3 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2w Hydrologic Soil Group: B Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Pollux Percent of map unit: 15 percent Hydric soil rating: No Agawam Percent of map unit: 10 percent Hydric soil rating: No 306C—Paxton fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2w677 Elevation: 0 to 1,330 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F Custom Soil Resource Report 30 Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Paxton, very stony, and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Paxton, Very Stony Setting Landform: Drumlins, hills, ground moraines Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear, convex Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Parent material: Coarse-loamy lodgment till derived from gneiss, granite, and/or schist Typical profile Oe - 0 to 2 inches: moderately decomposed plant material A - 2 to 10 inches: fine sandy loam Bw1 - 10 to 17 inches: fine sandy loam Bw2 - 17 to 28 inches: fine sandy loam Cd - 28 to 67 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 8 to 15 percent Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 43 inches to densic material Natural drainage class: Well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 18 to 37 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.7 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s Hydrologic Soil Group: C Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Woodbridge, very stony Percent of map unit: 8 percent Landform: Drumlins, ground moraines, hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 31 Charlton, very stony Percent of map unit: 5 percent Landform: Hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Convex Hydric soil rating: No Ridgebury, very stony Percent of map unit: 2 percent Landform: Drumlins, drainageways, hills, ground moraines, depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, head slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes 310C—Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2w689 Elevation: 0 to 1,370 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Woodbridge and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Woodbridge Setting Landform: Drumlins, hills, ground moraines Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope, backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Coarse-loamy lodgment till derived from gneiss, granite, and/or schist Typical profile Ap - 0 to 7 inches: fine sandy loam Bw1 - 7 to 18 inches: fine sandy loam Bw2 - 18 to 30 inches: fine sandy loam Cd - 30 to 65 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam Custom Soil Resource Report 32 Properties and qualities Slope: 8 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 39 inches to densic material Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained Runoff class: Very high Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 18 to 30 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.7 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Paxton Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Drumlins, hills, ground moraines Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear, convex Across-slope shape: Convex Hydric soil rating: No Ridgebury Percent of map unit: 4 percent Landform: Drumlins, drainageways, hills, ground moraines, depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, head slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes Sutton Percent of map unit: 1 percent Landform: Hills, ground moraines Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 33 311B—Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes, very stony Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2t2qr Elevation: 0 to 1,440 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Woodbridge, very stony, and similar soils: 82 percent Minor components: 18 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Woodbridge, Very Stony Setting Landform: Drumlins, hills, ground moraines Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, footslope, summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Coarse-loamy lodgment till derived from gneiss, granite, and/or schist Typical profile Oe - 0 to 2 inches: moderately decomposed plant material A - 2 to 9 inches: fine sandy loam Bw1 - 9 to 20 inches: fine sandy loam Bw2 - 20 to 32 inches: fine sandy loam Cd - 32 to 67 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 0 to 8 percent Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 43 inches to densic material Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 19 to 27 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Low (about 4.0 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s Custom Soil Resource Report 34 Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Paxton, very stony Percent of map unit: 10 percent Landform: Drumlins, hills, ground moraines Landform position (two-dimensional): Shoulder, backslope, summit Landform position (three-dimensional): Crest, side slope Down-slope shape: Linear, convex Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Hydric soil rating: No Ridgebury, very stony Percent of map unit: 8 percent Landform: Drumlins, drainageways, ground moraines, depressions, hills Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, head slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes 311C—Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes, very stony Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 2w687 Elevation: 0 to 1,420 feet Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Woodbridge, very stony, and similar soils: 85 percent Minor components: 15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Woodbridge, Very Stony Setting Landform: Drumlins, hills, ground moraines Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope, footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Convex Across-slope shape: Linear Parent material: Coarse-loamy lodgment till derived from gneiss, granite, and/or schist Typical profile Oe - 0 to 2 inches: moderately decomposed plant material Custom Soil Resource Report 35 A - 2 to 9 inches: fine sandy loam Bw1 - 9 to 20 inches: fine sandy loam Bw2 - 20 to 32 inches: fine sandy loam Cd - 32 to 67 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam Properties and qualities Slope: 8 to 15 percent Percent of area covered with surface fragments: 1.6 percent Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 43 inches to densic material Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained Runoff class: Medium Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Very low to moderately low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr) Depth to water table: About 19 to 27 inches Frequency of flooding: None Frequency of ponding: None Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm) Available water storage in profile: Low (about 5.3 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Paxton, very stony Percent of map unit: 9 percent Landform: Drumlins, hills, ground moraines Landform position (two-dimensional): Backslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Side slope Down-slope shape: Linear, convex Across-slope shape: Convex, linear Hydric soil rating: No Ridgebury, very stony Percent of map unit: 4 percent Landform: Drumlins, drainageways, ground moraines, hills, depressions Landform position (two-dimensional): Toeslope, footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope, head slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes Sutton, very stony Percent of map unit: 1 percent Landform: Hills, ground moraines Landform position (two-dimensional): Footslope Landform position (three-dimensional): Base slope Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Linear Hydric soil rating: No Whitman, very stony Percent of map unit: 1 percent Landform: Drainageways, depressions Custom Soil Resource Report 36 Down-slope shape: Concave Across-slope shape: Concave Hydric soil rating: Yes 600—Pits, gravel Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 9b19 Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 200 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Pits: 100 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Pits Setting Parent material: Loose sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits Typical profile H1 - 0 to 6 inches: very gravelly sand H2 - 6 to 60 inches: very gravelly sand 652—Udorthents, refuse substratum Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 99zq Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees F Frost-free period: 120 to 200 days Farmland classification: Not prime farmland Map Unit Composition Dumps: 90 percent Minor components: 10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Dumps Setting Parent material: Human transported material Custom Soil Resource Report 37 Minor Components Windsor Percent of map unit: 5 percent Hydric soil rating: No Hinckley Percent of map unit: 3 percent Hydric soil rating: No Deerfield Percent of map unit: 2 percent Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 38 References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 39 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/? cid=nrcs142p2_053624 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf Custom Soil Resource Report 40 NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 APPENDIX J: STORMWATER MANAGEMENT, OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE, AND EROSION CONTROL (UNDER SEPARATE COVER) NOTICE OF INTENT NARRATIVE SYNCARPHA SOLAR LLCSOLAR PROJECT NORTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS AUGUST 17, 2018 APPENDIX K: PROJECT PLANS (UNDER SEPARATE COVER)