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2008-12-16 TPC MinutesTRANSPORTATION AND PARKING COMMISSION City of Northampton City Hall, 210 Main Street Northampton, MA 01060 -3199 (413) 587 -1249 Fax: (413) 587 -1275 MINUTES December 16, 2008 Chairman David Narkewicz opened the meeting at 4:05 pm. in City Council Chambers, Puchalski Municipal Building, 212 Main Street, Northampton. Members present David Narkewicz, Maureen Carney, Ned Huntley, Chief Russell Sienkiewicz arrived at 4:32pm, Wayne Feiden, Keith Wilson, Leslie Stein, James Lowenthal Members absent William Letendre, David Reckhow (jury duty), Paul Sustick No one was present for Public Comment. Chairman Narkewicz stated that, following By -Laws of the Commission, there will be a need to elect Chairman and Vice Chairman at the February 2009 meeting. Chairman Narkewicz does not want to be Chairman. He will also be unable to attend the January 2009 meeting. 1) Minutes of November 18, 2008- Leslie Stein moved approval of minutes of November 18, 2008;Wayne Feiden seconded. The vote passed unanimously (7 -0). 2) Ordinances — Forbes Library Recognize Janet Moulding, Director of Forbes Library To Change 15 meters — some do research — prefer 4 hour. Lot filled prior w /those who went for day to shop or UMass. Keith — How do guarantee for patrons Signage — "Money to Book Fund" new signs Average program about 15 people - .25/hr up to 4 hours /only takes quarters /not to buy — have already — TPC recommends to City Council Amend to .25 per hour Maureen Carney moved to rec as amended, Wayne Feiden seconded. The vote passed unanimously (7 -0). Lowenthal — keep an eye on, not adverse to effects — shift from walking, biking not to encourage driving. To City Council on January 15, 2009 — Refer only to Ordinance Committee 3) Continued — Transportation Plan Review Bike/Ped Committee — Wayne Feiden - #19 & 28 — Cars, trucks, bikes, peds — street reclaimed, overlay — look at — open conversation — traffic calming- sidewalks- when look at right of way — DPW- reclaim- sometimes curb left — full roadway — sewer, water, asphalt — Existing # 19 — new reconstructed — less than reclaimed — overlay — full depth reconstruction — overlay v. mill /overlay — reclaim 8" material — take out 34" — come back to same grade — new sub -base #28 — Lowenthal — consider these — bike /ped — want friendly — how do we get there? Benefit work — costs less w /traffic calming — take advantage would always — consideration — process- checklist when doing roadwork Bigger meeting w /fire, police, DPW — deal with consensus — high volume road Feiden — vertical — not putting speed bumps Ned - Incorporate traffic calming — Easthampton cut out line painting — how will Northampton do this? Will see soon. 419 & 28 — Feiden — as group, city — less miles - $ more sidewalks Keith Wilson- evaluation, beneficial for planning board- already — construct — have ready if not able to do right away Lowenthal — needs upstream to include traffic calming before goes out to bid. Policy not implemented — to clarify w/b good to have all on the same page — how to insure bring to what is and is not on the list #31- W. Feiden — clear plan for Ned — need bike clear plan Lowenthal — have list prioritized Wilson — arterial — separate — page 18 — policies — will update — reiteration Feiden — sidewalks in park Ned — pavement management program — must choose which to do — will not pave whole road if changes, needs repairs — Chapter 90 Funds — about $200,000 for Capital Improvements - -- Lowenthal — prioritized list — pavement management system Wilson — streets may do next season? Ned — sidewalks, roads, curbing — North Street — Clement Street bridge $70,000 out of Capital Improvements — Equipment out of Capital Improvements Wilson — need more than 6 month lead time- roads you anticipate Ned - list $15million backlog with $450,000 budget! Lowenthal — have list, can be proactive, future implement of traffic calming — automate for 2 Narkewicz — demo at next meeting? Ned — cannot access program here — can print out reports - understand scoring — cost and talked to Mayor, spend money to fix now #49 — Implement — cite people — Chief Sienkiewicz — terminology — crash — how report written — consistent Feiden — identify causes Sienkiewicz — cause determinations — state recording system- every investigation Lowenthal — ped/bike crash — driver not charged, law fair, drivers yield, not always Sienkiewicz — successful prosecution — fault determination factors Charged or cited — different Info — Sienkiewicz — some 5 -6 years later- ped struck, driver charged- Main Street — injuries- failure to yield — suspended license — bring most appropriate charge. High School — ped, DPW driver — ped had package, confusion, no charges if pedestrian Sienkiewicz — not sustain pros. Determines charge — burden of proof — no other circumstance — peds doing — not that easy Lowenthal — costs — with making charge — traffic Sienkiewicz — Ped struck — totality of circumstances Lowenthal — not prevail Sienkiewicz — not prevail can be waste of resources process, fault, if magistrate decides no, that can be counter to — can be good defense Lowenthal — charges, less enforcement, deterrence — perception — lack of awareness — crashes — access to rate of citation of ped /car or car /car — people stop for ped — rear -ended — could try numbers — would feel better about Sienkiewicz — driver admits fault, victim compensated Wilson — pedestrian accidents more in the news — dui, negligence — perception Lowenthal — Chief, can you show motor vehicles /pedestrian crashes? Sienkiewicz — everyone protected — circumstances - % of crash — ped/bike or car /car v car /ped — violations — warning — slow down Police asked to have help educate bike — endorse policy — verbal warnings Leslie Stein — point of clarity — Narkewicz — issues to review — not to rewrite policies — sustainability plan — Feiden — big picture — not specifics Stein — public transit — Wayne —next public transit meeting 4) Ordinance Review — Traffic Mitigation — recommended by the Planning Board 4350 -11.6 (B) and (E) Feiden — wants City Council to clearly say to generate job. Teri Anderson worried we still charge too much to commercial and manufacturing. Not formally referred yet. Ned — No Municipal Exemption? Feiden — can be added — practical Ned — can create new facility Feiden — there is a public hearing January 8, 2009 EDHLU, back to Ordinance Committee, corrected — formally refer? Weigh in, can codify. Narrow structure from 0 to $3,000 Wilson — Costs of inflation — discuss every few years — trips — default list- begins w /staff, conversation, shift changes, language — if impacts not mitigated, voluntary in theory. Ned — need state /city layout, not to over - utilize State highway, any municipal project, acknowledge of state, public safety, should have been referred to Transportation & Parking Commission On November 6, 2008, this was referred from City Council to EDHLU, Planning & Development, and Ordinance Committees. Maureen Carney motioned to recommend with two changes, Leslie Stein seconded. The vote passed unanimously (8 -0). 5) Traffic Engineering Issues/Updates a) Cooke Avenue & Hatfield Street Warrants Laura Hanson stated this does not meet the Warrants. Feiden stated that the Transportation bond bill of $150,000 has not been released. Ned asked how the bond bill is written, can be reimbursed? Feiden stated there is detailed survey work, could use co- op money to cover. Narkewicz spoke of money from Walmart, for traffic, brush? Feiden — Big Y, sidewalk, can walk along Cooke up to Hatfield. Block grant, should get going. Chief Sienkiewicz: Hatfield, lines down? Could be helpful, narrow roadway. Ned: Can be done, but not until Spring 2009. b) State Street & Finn Street PVPC can do turning movement assessment. See analysis, Finn has right of way now. Maureen Carney spoke of how you must wait your turn. Chief Sienkiewicz suggested try 3 -way stop down Finn, make people stop, frees up to take right turn in theory. PVPC meets warrants for traffic light, do not have money, can do intermediary step. Stein said there are lots of bikes and pedestrians, impatient, use as hook to the bike path. Laura Hanson said we could ask for 3 -way stop to assess. Ned suggested an idea to make State Street one -way southbound, retiming, would take out 557 cars. Lowenthal stated this would make more traffic, detrimental, opposite of what we want. Wilson asked about safety and crash data. There is also a Traffic Calming request for State Street. c) Prospect/Woodlawn /Jackson The DPW response recommended turn radius. December 2002 traffic light passed. Consider broader — letter, community letter, set up meeting and invite community, DPW, principal, DOT, let commission know. Land takings? State — learn as go- no construction date. Leslie Stein has some recommendations, some concerns, bus stop is difficult when snow, strip near bus stop, fence, sidewalk, bus stop cutout, cross to get to bus stop. d) Street Smart Sims Scott Lamb of Smith College, students put off study for 3 -4 months, study should be as: 1. College in session 2. Not major holidays 3. Streets dry — typical road conditions e) Earle /Grove /Texas Intersection Two -way stop, actually four -way stop. Have we done a warrant analysis? How does this meet? Can be unenforceable — Village Hill Road is in process of street acceptance forms. f) Jackson Street School Safe Routes to School 6) Committee Reports 7) Department Reports 8) New Business — Leslie Stein asked about policies of snow removal at Academy of Music as PVTA does not do it. 9) Adjourn Chief Sienkiewicz moved to adjourn at 6:00 pm; Keith Wilson seconded. The vote passed unanimously (7 -0). Next meeting is January 20, 2009 at 4:00 pm. 5 Mary Midura From: Mary Midura Sent: Wednesday, December 17, 2008 9:08 AM To: David J. Narkewicz (E -mail) Cc: Bob Reckhow (E- mail); Daryl G Lafleur (E- mail); Ed Hagelstein (E- mail); James (E- mail); Keith Wilson (E- mail); Laura Hanson (E- mail); Leslie Stein (E- mail); Maureen Carney (E- mail); Ned Huntley; Russell Sienkiewicz; Wayne Feiden; William A. Letendre; Wilsons (E -mail) Subject: Forbes Ordinances Councilor Narkewicz - Attached is the corrected Forbes Ordinance, changed from $.50 to $.25, as voted last night at the TPC meeting. One question: Should I change the year at the top to Nine, since it goes to City Council on Jan 15,2009, or should I leave it as Eight since that is when the TPC voted to send it to City Council? Thanks very much! Mary L. Midura Executive Secretary City Council and License Commission 413- 58_7 -1210 Forbes Forbes inance 312- 110ince 312 -36 ad( MASSACHUSETTS Ian In'the Yeax�Thousand Nine Hundred and Eig ht ....... _ ................................... ... ....... _.. UPON THE RECOMMENDATION OF _ ................ .... ..Tcans.portatian..&.Parkjng••C om- rn- 1s ;sian••.••.•.•. 312-36' ORDINANCE NO............. .................... An Ordinance of the City of Northampton, Massachusetts, providing that the Code of Ordinances, 312 -36 El City of Northampton, Massachusetts, be amended by adding a section to be numbered, .....- ......................... providing ................ ...... .............. _.Q ................... . ........... ._ .... __ .... __......... Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Northampton,.in City Council assembled, as fcl lows: Section 1. That the Code of Ordinances of the City of Northampton; Massachusetts, be amend- ed by adding a section to be numbeAl -36 E !., to read as follows: "Section - ..............3.1.236 -E1 Parking Metet Fees ADD Class Fee Time Limit 1E $.25 per hr: ' Four Hours TI-if-V xxf �Kvrthawyfrrxt MASSACHUSETTS (EIGHT In the Year Two Thousand and ..................................................................... ............................... UPON THE RECOMMENDATION OFTanspotatio•a�nd•�'arg Caassi�r .... ............................... I ORDINANCE An Ordinance of the City. of Northampton, Massachusetts, providing that the Code of Ordinances, 312 -110 Sched. IX City of Northampton, Massachusetts, be amended by revising section ............................. of said Code; providing ................................................................................................ ............................... Qf.£.S.� P,t.RArki u.g.Ar.oN......... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................... Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Northampton, in City Council assembled, as follows: 312 -110 Section 1. That section ........................... of the Code of Ordinances of the City of Northampton, Massachusetts, be amended so that such section shall read as follows: Section .... 312 -110 .............. . . . ...... Schedule IX; Off Street parking areas .... DELETE Parking _Area Location Area Time Limit /Class Forbes Library South side Entire Lot 2 hours /Class 1B ADD Parking Area Location Area Time Limit /Class Forbes Library South Side Partial Lot 2 hours /class, 1B Forbes Library South Side Partial lot 4 hours /class lE TRANSPORTATION PLAN ITEMS FOR DISCUSSION AT DECEMBER 16, 2008 TPC MEETING Items 19 and 28: "Ensure that the design of all ... reclaimed streets considers incorporating appropriate traffic calming... {and} ... that all reclaimed streets on the priority list shall include sidewalks..." to generally build a "complete streets" approach where we look at all modes of travel every time we do any significant street work. Item 31: "Strive to add marked bicycle lanes to all surface arterial, collector, and federal aid roads whenever feasible" and create a clear plan for doing so. Item 49: `Enforce traffic and sidewalk regulations..." specifically can we make the transition to the MADD approach of there are no accidents, only crashes, and figure out what causes each crash. Eight Planning Board §350 -11.6 (B) and (E) Add clear formulas for traffic mitigation and clarify site plan infrastructure requirements § 350 -11.6. Approval criteria. {Revise paragraphs labeled D and F, as shown. No changes to any other section.} In conducting the site plan approval, the Planning Board shall find that the following conditions are met: B.The requested use will promote the convenience and safety of vehicular and pedestrian movement within the site and on adjacent streets, minimize traffic impacts on the streets and roads in the area. If applicable, this shall include considering the location of driveway openings in relation to traffic and adjacent streets, access by emergency vehicles, the arrangement of parking and loading spaces, and provisions for persons with disabilities; and (1) The Planning Board may allow reduced parking requirements in accordance with § 350 -8.6, Shared parking. (2) The project, including any concurrent road improvements, will not decrease the level of service (LOS) of all area roads or intersections affected by the project below the existing conditions when the project is proposed and shall consider the incremental nature of development and cumulative impacts on the LOS. The project proponent must demonstrate that all cumulative and incremental traffic impacts have been mitigated. If those impacts are not mitigated, the Planning Board shall require in- lieu -of payments to fiend a project's proportional share of necessary improvements to mitigate off -site traffic impacts, including provision of public transit and pedestrian or bicycle paths, in lieu of requiring off -site improvements, with such payments as setforth in the table below The Board may exempt residential projects whose traffic impacts are no greater than if they were developed as an -1- as -of -right development without site plan approval and subdivision approval. D. The reauested use will not overload, and will mitigate adverse imbacts on. the Citv's -2- resources including the effect on the City's water supply and distribution system, sanitary and storm sewage collection and treatment systems, fire protection, streets and schools. The construction standards for water lines, sanitary sewers, storm sewers, fire protection, sidewalks, private roads, and other infrastructure shall be that set forth in the Northampton subdivisions (even for projects that are not part of a subdivision) unless the Planning Board finds that a different standard is more appropriate. -3- PIONEER VALLEY PLANNING COMMISSION Local Technical Assistance Program for the City of Northampton November 2008 FOUR WAY STOP WARRANT ANALYSIS Intersection of Hatfield Street / Cook Avenue (Northampton) Warrant B — Crash Warrant This warrant could be satisfied if there are more than 5 crashes per year at the intersection which are left or right turn collisions or right angle type collisions, that can be corrected by a multi way stop installation. This intersection has a history of five or more crashes for 2007 and 2008 calendar years. The crash reports show that all five crashes for year 2007 are not angle type collisions which can be corrected by a multi way stop installation. Therefore the Crash Warrant cannot be fully satisfied. However for calendar year 2008 there are a few crashes so far which may be corrected by a multi way stop installation. It is recommended that the City of Northampton continue to monitor the intersection and consider a Four Way Stop Warrant Analysis at a later date. Warrant C — Volume Warrant (Not Satisfied) C1 Major Street Approach Volume The vehicular volume entering the intersection from major street approaches averages at least 300 vehicles per hour for any 8 hours of an average day AND C2 — Minor Street Approach Volume and Delay Combined vehicular, pedestrian and bicycle volume entering the intersection from minor street approaches averages at least 200 units per hour for same 8 hours with an average delay to the minor street vehicular traffic of at least 30 seconds per vehicle during the highest hour. C3 — If the 85` percentile approach speed of the major street traffic exceeds 40 mph, the minimum vehicular volume warrants are 70% of the above values. Minor Street Volume Warrant cannot be satisfied in either case. Location : Northampton Counter # : 0944 Operator: TP Fun. Class: U5 File Name : 5450 PM Site Code : 5450 PM Start Date : 1212/2008 Page No : 1 05:00 PM 0 State Street 2 0 Finn Street 3 86 State Street 0 144 Finn Street 2 26 0 74 From North 38 0 From East 81 303 From South 0 0 From West 0 0 Start Time Right Thru Left I Truro A' T.1.1 Right I Thru I Left I Truck. I APP TMW Ri ht ThN Left Truck, I AP P Tau Right I Thru I Left I TMas I APP. T0.1 int. Total Factor 0.98 0.98 10.98 10.98 1 0.98 10.98 10.915 1 0.981 68 0.98 10.98 10.98 0.98 0 0.98 10.98 10.98 10.98 5 1 04:00 PM 0 1 1 0 2 5 68 51 1 125 42 2 23 0 67 19 40 0 2 61 255 04:15 PM 0 1 3 0 4 2 73 47 1 123 38 0 23 0 61 43 45 0 0 88 276 04:30 PM 0 0 3 0 3 5 84 73 1 163 33 1 25 0 59 32 36 0 0 68 293 04:45 PM 0 0 1 0 1 4 83 47 0 134 49 5 33 1 88 39 35 2 1 77 300 Total 1 0 2 8 0 101 16 308 218 3 5451 162 8 104 1 2751 133 156 2 3 294 _ 1124 05:00 PM 0 2 2 0 4 3 86 55 0 144 46 2 26 0 74 43 38 0 0 81 303 05 :15 PM 0 0 0 0 0 3 81 51 0 135 34 9 25 0 68 35 50 0 0 85 288 05:30 PM 0 2 3 0 5 4 101 52 2 159 37 3 28 0 68 35 43 1 0 79 311 05:45 PM 1 5 1 0 7 2 87 48 1 138 48 2 21 1 72 44 38 0 0 82 299 Total 1 9 6 0 16 12 355 206 3 576 165 16 100 1 2821 157 169 1 0 327 1 1201 Grand Total 6 1121 3 327 24 204 2 557 290 325 3 621 2325 Apprch /0 I 3.8 42.3 53.8 0 2.5 59.1 37.8 0.5 1 58.7 4.3 36.6 0.4 1 46.7 52.3 0.5 0.5 I Total % 0 0.5 0.6 0 1.1 1.2 28.5 18.2 0.3 48.2 14.1 1 8.8 0.1 24 12.5 14 0.1 0.1 26.7 State Street O I 1 25 Tote 65 1 11 141 O Rtght Thru Left Tr � J c m U . N gI � � w 01 N- f2rnnne Drin /nrr_ I I -hrNnd North 2008 04:00 PM 121212008 05:45 PM UnE hifted 4, T F► Left Thru RI ht Trucks 2041 241 3271 725] 557 1252 Out In Total S1Ate Clreel m 0 -1 L. {-= D1 7 CI 3 W -j3 A A I Pioneer Valley Planning Commission 26 Central St. West Springfield, MA 01089 (413) 781- 6045 / www. pvpc. org C s Location : Northampton Counter #: 0944 Operator: TP Fun. Class: U5 Pioneer Valley Planning Commission 26 Central St. West Springfield, MA 01089 (493) 781- 8045 1www.pvpcxrg File Name : 5450 PM Site Code : 5450 PM Start Date : 12/2/2008 Page No :2 State Street From North Finn Street From East State Street From South Finn Street From West StertTime Ri Thru Lett rnw ro1W I Alp RE ht Thru Lett rn.ke row R! ht Thru Left rNrxs Aaa.T«.i Ri ThN Left trucks roni Int.7offiI Peak Hour Analysis From 04:00 PM to 05:45 PM - Peak 1 of 1 Peak Hour for Entire Intersection Begins at 04:45 PM 04:45 PM 0 0 1 0 1 4 83 47 0 134 49 5 33 1 88 39 35 2 1 77 I 300 05:00 PM 0 2 2 0 4 3 86 66 0 144 46 2 26 0 74 43 38 0 0 81 303 05:15 PM 0 0 0 0 0 3 81 51 0 135 34 9 25 0 68 35 50 0 0 85 288 05:30 PM 0 2 3 0 5 4 101 52 2 189 37 3 28 0 68 35 43 1 0 79 311 Total Volume %App Total l 0 4 6 0 10 0 40 60 0 14 2.4 351 81.4 205 35.8 2 0.3 572 166 55.7 19 6.4 112 37.6 1 0.3 298 152 47.2 166 51.6 3 0.9 1 0.3 322 1202 Pioneer Valley Planning Commission 26 Central St. Location :Northampton West Springfield, MA 01089 Counter # :0$46 (413) 789.6045 1www.pvpc.org Operator: JM Fun. Class : U5 fSrn - OAM.A_II -Wft -1 File Name : 5450 AM Site Code : 5450 AM Start Date : 12/5/2008 Page No : 1 09:00 AM 0 1 1 State Street From North 0 1 Finn Street From l=ast �( I 0 State Street From South 0 Finn Street �I From W est f Start Time Right Thru Left Tn a. As Tow Ri ht Thru Left Track. Ac Total Right Thru Left TrurFS Apa. rase Right Thru Left Trucks Tn„ tool Int. Total Factor 0.98 0.98 0.98 Q.98 294 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 37 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 3 0.98 0.98 98 0.98 1 08:00 AM 0 1 0 0 1 2 52 23 2 79 25 1 12 0 38 41 40 0 0 81 199 08:15 AM 0 1 0 0 1 2 31 28 1 62 31 0 14 0 45 46 43 0 1 90 198 08:30 AM 0 3 1 0 4 2 38 28 4 72 32 3 17 1 53 36 46 1 0 831 152 08:45 AM 0 1 0 0 1 2 64 25 1 92 25 1 16 1 43 49 58 1 1 109 2 12 245 Total 0 6 1 0 7 8 185 104 8 305 113 5 59 2 179, _ 172 187 2 2 361 854 09:00 AM 0 1 1 09:15 AM 0 1 2 09:30 AM 0 3 0 09:45 AM 0 3 0 Total 0 8 3 Grand Total 0 14 4 Apprch % 0 1 77.8 22.2 Total % 0 0.7 0.2 state Utreat Out In Total 26 [ 1a 0 14 7 41 0 Right T Iru L le Trucks J I r, „ t 1UQ1 f512 206B 008: o 00 AM �' � c v N512008 09:45 AM a + ^m 5 h r stA tt @d 1 O� n ! L n 7h RI Trucks 1521 101 2361 9 f 765 ' 4071 1172 ! Out In Total I 0 2 1 54 36 5 96 27 0 23 2 52 78 '41 0 1 120 270 0 3 2 58 30 1 91 29 1 24 2 56 84 58 0 2 1441 294 0 3 1 43 37 3 84 31 3 25 1 601 88 46 0 1 135 282 Q 3 1 39 51 4 95 36 1 21 2 60 71 52 1 1 1 25, 283 5 11 5 194 154 13 366 123 5 93 7 2281 321 197 1 5 524 1129 0 11 13 379 258 21 6711 236 10 152 9 4071 493 384 3 7 887 1983 0 1.9 56.5 38.5 3.1 58 2.5 37.3 2.2 43.3 0.3 0.8 0 0.9 0.7 19.1 13 1.1 33.8 11.9 0.5 7.7 0.5 20.5 1 55.6 24.9 19.4 0.2 0.4 44.(' Pioneer Valley Planning Commission 26 Central St. Location : Northampton West Springfield, MA 01089 File Name : 5450 AM Counter # : 0846 (413) 789 - 6045 /www.pvpc.org Site Code : 5450 AM Operator: JIM Start Date : 12/5/2008 Fun. Class : U5 Page No : 2 Finn Street Peak Hour Analysis From 08:00 AM to 09:45 AM -Peak 1 of 1 Peak Hour for Entire Intersection Begins at 09:00 AM 09:00 AM 0 1 1 0 2 1 54 36 5 96 27 0 23 2 52 78 41 0 1 120 270 09:15 AM 0 1 2 0 3 2 58 30 1 91 29 1 24 2 56 84 58 0 2 144 294 09:30 AM 0 3 0 0 3 1 43 37 3 84 31 3 25 1 60 88 46 0 1 135 282 09:45 AM 0 3 0 0 3 1 39 51 4 95 36 1 21 2 60 71 52 1 1 125 283 Total volume 0 8 3 0 11 5 194 154 13 356 123 5 93 7 228 321 197 1 5 524 1129 %Ap Tot al 0 72.7 27.3 0 1.4 53 42.1 3.6 53.9 2.2 40.8 3.1 61.3 37.6 0.2 1