31D-007 Lyman Plant House
Fclaruary 20, 200:1
Attn: ibis. Ann Lattinville
Massachusetts Historical Commission
_Massachusetts. Archives Building
220 Morrisey Blvd
Boston NIA 02423
Dear Ms. Lattinville,
I .am pleased to submit a more fully developed' notification package -for t11e proposed rehabilitation and
addition to the Lyman Plant House at Smith College. Since we first submitted on this project in December of
1999, the College has come a long way in deFining how it intends to approach this delicate project. Our goal has
always been to develop a project that meets the needs of the facility without compromising the historic fabric.
of the buildings. As noted in the March 27~~', 2000 condition survey prepared by Perry, Dean, Rogers &
.Partners .the main.purpose.of this renovation is to meet the following goals..
1. "Restore the structural integrity of die conservatories."
2. "Reconfigure the mechanical, electrical, plumbing and. controls systems to maximize envirorunenta}
balance in the conservatories."
3. "Create accessible, code compliant conditions through. the complex."
4. "Provide programmatic enhancements through dze reconfiguration of and addition to the existing
spaces."
7
The scope of new construction has grown since the first filing due to additional program requests from the
users of the facility. However, the architects and the College's planning committees have ~vorked to minimize
the detrimental visual impact on the historic facility by re~slacing portions of the 1981 addition with new
program space that is parriall~ concealed beneath the adjacent hillside. :I hope that the information contained
herein will answer any questions that the Massachusetts Historical Commission may have in regards to the
impact that this project will have on the Lyman Plant House Facility. If you have any further questions or
would like to meet to review tlii~s project, please do not hesitate to get in touch.
Sincerely yours,
~~~G~G~'iCif/f
Cliarlie Conant
Project \Zanager, South College
12G \Y/EST STREL'T NORTT-IAMPTON, MA 01063 i
DIIONE: 413/585-2424 I+A Z: 413/585-2444 ~
- 2 - FEBRUARY 20, ?001
l;nclosures Renovations and Additions to the Lyman College Plant House Complex, -submitted
by: Boston Affiliates & Perry. Dean Rogers & Partners .
.~,
Lyman Plant House Conditions Survey & Programming & Conceptual Plan -
submitted by: Perry Dean Rogers & Parrners
MHC Form B -Lyman Plant House
Cc: Northampton Historical Commission w/ all enclosures
FORM B - BtJTLDING
11~1ASSAC~ItIS1;TT5 HISTORICAL COMIVIISSION
Office of the Secretary, State House, Boston.
in relation to r_earest cross streets and
other buildings. Indicate north.
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:ss ~ COllege3 L•ane,,,!
GreenHou e ~• l~"'c~-~ ~~~
ent use Greenhouse
;ent owner Smith College
~ription:
~- 1R95
~ource_ Smith College Archives
Le
~hitect Lord & Rl~rnham
Exterior wall fabric brick/Metal / gl a s s
Outbuildings (describe) none
Other features brick, cottage with
skeleton with glass ~'~skin1f
~ ss-,.~r~-t ~~"~~v ~~~N Altered additions
C R M P J S N' ~' ~-~- V STT~.~ET
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DO IvTOT WRITE IN THIS SPACE '
USGS Quadrant
MHC Photo ao.
(over)
5. Lot size:
Date
Date
Smith Campus
Less than one acre Over one acre x
Approximate frontage Smith Camnu s
Approximate distance of building from street
10 ~~ f eet
F. Recorded by Ce Bubi e
Organization Northampton Historical
.Commission
Date_ Ju~~~ ~ ~ _
.. JUN :~ ~~ 1976
_ _ _-- - - - _-_ _ -- ~~~. h~~T. U~,v11~1.
7. Original owner (if known) Smith Co11e~e
(~ri~inal use ~ - Greenhouse ,
Subsequent uses (if any) .and dates Greenhouse
8. Themes (check as many as applicable)
Aboriginal Conservation Recreation
Agricultural Education X Religion ~ ,,
Architectural
~ Exploration/ Science/
_
The Arts _
~ settlement ~ invention
Commerce Industry Social/
Cornmunication Military Humanitarian
Community development Political .Transportation ~^
9. Historical significance (include explanation of themes checked above)
Smith College was given the Lyman Plant House in 1896 by .
the Lyman family of. Northampton, as a memorial- to .Anne Lyman.
- The Lyman family made later donations to expand the greenhouse
facilities. The planthouse and attached greenhouses represent
.one aspect of the College's interest in providing opportunities
for the study of botany. The College grounds, originally .laid
-~ - ~ --- out .by the Olmsted Landscaping firm, contain .speci.mens -of rare. ~~-
trees axed shrubs. ~ .
- - ~ The greenhouse complex. includes~a brick and stone planthouse
with several' greenhouse.. structures attached. ~ The- main, greenhouse
is a metal frame with glass skin enclosing a volume of air.
j~
.. ~.
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~~.
.. ~.~ ~ -
. ~ .
10. Bibliography and/or references (such as local histories, deeds, assessor's records,
early maps, etc.)
Smith College Archives. Files on Buildings; .
:. Presid'ent's Reports.
- ~ 3/73
DRAFT
MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT
AMONG THE
THE MASSACHUSETTS DEVELOPMENT FINANCE AGENCY, SMITH COLLEGE, AND
THE MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION
WHEREAS, the Massachusetts Development Finance Agency (MDFA) has proposed to fund the
rehabilitation of and addition. to the Lyman Plant House on the Smith College campus in the City of
Northampton, MA; and
WHEREAS, the project necessitates demolition of historic fabric and replacement with a synthetic
material of the Lyman Plant House; and
WHEREAS, the Lyman Plant House eligible for listing in the State and National Registers of Historic
Places and is included in the Inventory of Historic and Archaeological Assets of the Commonwealth
maintained by the MHC; and
WHEREAS, the rehabilitation of and addition to the Lyman Plant House constitutes a project undertaken
by a state body pursuant to 950 CMR 71.03 and is a project for which the MDFA has sought the
comments of the Massachusetts Historical Commission (MHC) pursuant to M.G.L. Chapter 9, Section
26-27c, as amended by Chapter 254 of the Acts of 1988 (950 CMR 71.00); and
WHEREAS, the MHC has determined that the proposed demolition of historic fabric of Lyman Plant
House constitutes an adverse effect on the Lyman Plant House pursuant to 950 CMR 71.05(a); and
WHEREAS, the MHC has invited the Northampton Historical Commission (NHC) to concur with t11is
MOA; and
WHEREAS, the MDFA and Smith College has provided the MHC and the NHC with information
regarding the demolition of the historic fabric and replacement with a synthetic material, and the MHC
has reviewed this information and concurred that there are no feasible and prudent alternatives to the
demolition of historic fabric and replacement with a synthetic material; and
WHEREAS, the MHC has determined to accept the adverse effect of the project on the Lyman Plant
House in consideration of the mitigation described herein; and
NOW THEREFORE, the PvIHC, Smith College, and the MDFA have agreed that the project shall be
undertaken and implemented in accordance with the following stipulations to mitigate the effect of the
project on the Lyman Plant House.
STIPULATIONS
The Massachusetts Development Finance Agency shall ensure that the following measures are carried out
in coordination with the MHC:
1. Smith College shall develop and implement a maintenance plan for the Lyman Plant House that
shall include monitoring of the historic materials and the replacement synthetic materials on an
annual basis, repair and/or replacement techniques for the historic and synthetic materials, and a
maintenance plan for the entire complex. This plan shall be submitted to the MHC and the NHC
for review and comment.
2. Dedicated vine plantings along the embankment wall and trellis area on the addition shall remain
as dedicated vegetated areas as these plantings are crucial to the design concept of the addition to
the Lyman Plant House.
Execution and implementation of this Memorandum of Agreement evidences compliance with M.G.L.
Chapter 9, Section 26-27c, as amended by Chapter 254 of the Acts of 1988 (950 CMR 71.00).
MASSACHUSETTS DEVELOPMENT FINANCE AGENCY
By:_
Name
Title
SMITH COLLEGE
By:_
Name
Title
MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION
By:_
Name
Title
Concur:
NORTHAMPTON HISTORICAL COMMISSION
Date:
Date:
Date:
By: Date:
Name
Title
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth
Massachusetts Historical Commission
October 15, 2001
Kenneth V. Packard
Campus Operations & Facilities
Smith College
126 West Street
Northampton, MA 01063
RE: Smith College, Lyman Plant House, Northampton, MA; MHC# 25393
Dear Mr. Packard:
Staff of the Massachusetts Historical Commission have reviewed the additional information you
submitted, including t11e General Overview of the Historic Structures. and the Overall Restoration
Approach.
The Lyman Plant House is included in MHC's Inventory of Historic and Archaeological Assets
of the Commonwealth acid is individually eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic
Places under Criterion Aand C as awell-preserved example of a late 19th and early 20t'' century
conservatory and for its associations with the development of horticultural education at Smith
College.
The MHC has examined the materials you submitted and understands that the proposed project
involves interior and exterior rehabilitation of the 1894 & 1904 Head House, full restoration of
the steel, iron and wood 1894 Succulent and Cold Houses, removal of the 1980's roof glazing
system and replacement with a painted white aluminum glazing system to match the original
glazing system in the Fern House, the removal of the recently replaced side wall sash and glazing
system and replacement with a painted white aluminum glazing system to match the original
glazing system and restoration of the fan window at the front entrance of the 1895 Palm House,
removal of the 1980's roof vent system, sash windows, and rafters and replacement with a
painted white aluminum glazing system to match the original glazing system in the 1895 Warm
Temperate and Stove Houses, removal of all deteriorated wood and steel glazing system and
replacement with a painted white aluminum glazing system to match the original and removal of
the roof and lower vent sash and replacement with aluminum vents and sash to match the original
in the 1901/02 Physiology and Cold Storage Rooms, and the removal of the roof vent system and
deteriorated roof rafters and replacement with a painted white aluminum glazing system and
removal and replacement of the roof and lower vent sash with aluminum replacements to match
the existing in the 1952 Cool and. Warm Genetics rooms. The wood door units in the Cool and
Warm Genetics room will be repaired and painted and the "transite" knee wall material will be
replaced with a similar corrugated concrete board made without asbestos to~replicate the original.
Throughout the Lyman Plant House wherever existing steel and cast iron components remain,
they will be restored to their original condition and operating ability. Additionally, the proposed
220 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125
(617) 727-8470 • Fax: (617) 727-5128
-___--__ ___-- _ _.___ _ ._-__ _---___._- _-~-_-- -- __-_wwwa_t_ate_ma us/sec/mhc____--
project will expand the footprint of the Plant House complex in order to provide additional
classroom and workspace, address accessibility issues, and upgrade the electric, plumbing, and
plant care systems.
At a meeting at the College on April 10, 2001, the MHC was presented with additional
information from a representative of Rough Brothers on the traditional glazing systems
historically used in green house construction and a thorough tour of the Lyman Plant Houses.
During that tour, it became clear through careful inspection that many of the individual houses in
the complex are either deteriorated or recent replacement systems that were not sympathetic to
the original features of the complex. Discussion also included the design of the new addition to
the Lyman Plant House. The design is intended to minimize the impact to the surrounding
landscape and built environment while providing dedicated areas for plantings that soften the
exterior of the building while providing an area for the vine collection.
As you are aware, the MHC determined that the proposed project will have an "adverse effect"
(95.0 CMR 71.05(a)) through the demolition of historic fabric and replacement with a synthetic
material, a proposal which does not meet the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the
Treatment ofHistoric Properties. In accordance with 950 CMR 71.07(3), MHC has consulted
with the project proponent to seek ways to avoid, reduce, or mitigate the adverse effect and has
determined that there are no prudent and feasible alternatives to the demolition of the historic
fabric and replacement with a synthetic material. As a result of our consultation, the MHC has
determined to accept, with mitigation, the adverse effect. In accordance with 950 CMR 71.07
(3)(d), a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) should be developed to address the adverse effect
of this undertaking. Please find the enclosed Draft MOA for this project for your review and
comment. Please contact Taya Dixon with your comments.
These comments are offered to assist in compliance with M.G.L. Chapter 9, Section 26-27C, as
amended by Chapter 254 of the Acts of 1988 (950 CMR 71.00). Please do not hesitate to contact
Taya Dixon of my staff if you have any questions.
Sincerely,
Brona Simon
Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer
Massachusetts Historical Commission
enclosure
xc (w/enclosure): Northampton Historical Commission
Massachusetts Development Finance Agency
Restoration and Additions to the
Lyman College Plant House Complex
Smith College
Submitted for Review by the Massachusetts Historical Commission
By
Smith College Physical Plant Department
126 West Street
Northampton, MA 01003
Charlie Conant, Project Manager
Perry, Dean, Rogers, & Partners: Architects Boston Aff'~liates, Inc.
177 Milk Street 155 Milk Street
Boston,lti~lA OZ 109 Boston, MA 02109
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I. Table of Contents
A. Historical Development of Lyman Plant House ...................... 1
Original Plan of Lyman Plant House & Additions .................... 3
B. Representative Views of Historic Structure ......................... 4
C. Project Description ............................................ 7
D. Existing Conditions & Proposed Improvements ...................... 10
E. Attachment:
Aluminum Glazing Bar Replication for Period Glasshouse Applications .. 17
II. Additional Comuonents
F. March 2000 Conditions Survey
Section A
Historical Development of Lyman Plant House
Original Plan of Lyman Plant House & Additions
Historical Development of Lyman Plant House
Lyman Plant House was developed as part of the plans of Smith's first president,
Laurenus Clark Seelye, to establish an attractive campus that would also function as a
botanic garden for scientific study and research. As the campus expanded in the 1880s
and `90s, the Brookline firm of Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot was hired to develop a
comprehensive landscape scheme. The Olmsted firm completed a campus plan and
provided extensive planting lists. A small greenhouse with a potting shed -was
constructed; which President Seelye hoped could be enlarged for a collection of exotic
plants.
In 1894, in order to incorporate the resources of the plant collections into the curriculum,
Seelye appointed William Francis Garong as professor of botany and director of the
botanic gardens, and Edwazd J. Canning as head gardener. Over the next two years
Garong and Canning worked on expanding the greenhouses and creating a rock garden
and arboretum. They began by replanting the herbaceous beds as a "systematics" garden
for instructional purposes. The rock garden, based on the one built at the Royal Botanic
Gazdens at- Kew when Canning- was in training there in 1882, was featured in the 1904
Cyclopedia of Horticulture, to which Canning was a contributor. Thus began the pattern
of symbiotic relationship between the greenhouses, gardens and- landscaping and the
teaching and research, which Seelye had envisioned.
During commencement in 1895, it was announced that Northampton resident Edward H.
R. Lyman had provided funds to build a new conservatory. Construction began in
September of that year to add an acacia or succulent house, a palm house, a tropical or
stove house, a warm temperate house and a larger potting shed onto the earlier
greenhouse. The new glass houses were built by the firm of Lord & Burnham over
foundations built by a local contractor. They were ready for use shortly after Christmas
1895. By the following May the old potting shed was remodeled for lectures and
experiments and the central bed of the Palm House planted.
Just after the turn of the century a second expansion of the complex that was now known
as the Lyman Plant House included an experimental greenhouse, a laboratory for
teaching plant physiology, a "cool storage" greenhouse and a renovation of the original
two-room structure. After these were completed, there was little expansion of the
greenhouses for several decades; attention was focused on building new classroom space
for the department (Burton Hall) and on integrating the Capen Garden, acquired in 1921
with the Capen School and laid out as a series of garden rooms in the 1920s and `30s:
The tenure of William Campbell, who became college horticulturist in 1937 following
William Gazong's retirement in 1932, was largely taken up with restoration efforts, first
of the rock garden which had been neglected in the 1920s, and then again after the
devastating hurricane of 1938 which destroyed trees and plantings.
In 1942 the distinguished geneticist Allen E. Blakeslee, known for both his work in using
the Jimson weed to investigate the role of chromosomes in heredity and also for the
development of the popular "Gloriosa Daisy" from common Rudbekia, moved to
Northampton. He taught graduate courses and conducted research in the Botanic Garden;
and in 1952 afree-standing, two-room, temperature controlled greenhouse was built to
the north of the Lyman Plant House to further his research.
Gregory D. Armstrong was appointed as college horticulturist in 1971. Under his
leadership a major renovation and expansion of the Plant House was completed in 1981.
The freestanding Blakeslee Range was connected with the other plant house structures,
and a new large volume Temperate House, again constructed by Lord & Burnham, was
added adjacent to the Palm House. The 1981 expansion included a new greenhouse for
horticulture students, a classroom and' teaching laboratories for horticulture and plant
physiology.
Based on C. John Burk, Celebrating a Century: The Botanic Gardens of Smith College.
Northampton, l~IA: Smith College, 1995
The attached plans show Garong's original conception of the complex and what was
actually built through 1981. Dates of construction of the earliest portions have been
corrected by Jim Smith of Rough Brothers, based on documentation from Lord &
Burnham: -
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~ Section B
-~ Lyman Plant House -Representative Views of Historic Structure
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Lyman Plant House at Smith College
Project Description
~~ The work planned at Smith College's Lyman Plant House can be divided into
two categories: the restoration of the existing historic glasshouses and
~ headhouse, including. the renovation of the existing. facilities in the headhouse
and classroom areas; and the addition of new support spaces for the glasshouses.
This work will be carried out in such a~ way as to preserve the- historic integrity of
7 the glass houses and the exterior of the brick head house, and to maintain the
historic relationship of the Plant House complex to its surrounding gardens and
~ to the rest of the campus, while adding needed space and facilities to support the
-~ academic program. Special care has been taken to preserve the "postcard view"
~ of the Plant House, the view from the south of the original portions of the
,~ complex with gardens in the foreground, which has remained intact through the
many additions over the years. (See Figure 1.)
~ 1. Restoration of Historic Fabric
J (See attached representative photographs- of existing historic fabric.}
~ The restoration of the glasshouses proper will be performed by Rough Brothers
Construction, a firm specializing in glasshouses and conservatories. Their past
~ projects include such notable facilities as the Enid Haupt Conservatory at the
New York Botanical Garden and the glasshouse at Longwood Gardens. The
glazing system needs extensive restoration; and wood glazing elements will be
~ replaced with an extruded aluminum system designed to replicate the profile of
the existing wood elements in each house. (See March 2000 Conctions Survey,
~ accompanying, and "Aluminum Glazing Bar Replication for Period
~ Glasshouse Application;' attached.)
~ Brick and stone elements of the glasshouse foundations will also be restored.
C> See March 2000 Coridifioris Surve - 1Vlaso -~ - ~ -robes have recentl ~ been
~ completed. The results of this investigation, together with the original forensic
L~ report by Building Conservation Associates, will be used to draft the exterior
(~ masonry and paint specifications.
O
~~ As indicated in the Conditions Survey, the exterior of the headhouse is in good
~ condition, some work having been done on it in 1981, with only minor repairs
G needed. It will remain untouched along its main facade, the west elevation facing
1 Paradise Pond. Along the south elevation, an existing basement window will be
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enlarged to incorporate an access ladder leading to a new code required egress
U door from the basement. This work will entail enlarging the below-grade
window into a door and the existing metal grating covered light well shielding it
from view from its present 21/2' X 8' size to 5' X 8'. Details will be provided to
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MHC if desired when they are available. Currently cut up into a series of small
offices and workspaces, the interior of the headhouse will be opened up into one
large space to serve as an exhibition area and gallery.
~> The glazed roof in the existing corridor that connects the Head House to the
Palm House will be raised to facilitate the introduction of a new ramp that joins
the houses together. This new ramp will meet all of the standards for
_~ accessibility established by the ADA, and provide access to the Succulent and
Cool Houses -which had hitherto been inaccessible: The profile- of the roof will
~ remain below the ridgeline of the Succulent and Cool Houses -preserving the
~ "postcard view" of the complex from the south. An existing ramp (ca.1980)
within the Palm House, which does not meet standards established by the ADA,
would be removed and replaced with a new ramp that meets the requirements of
the ADA. (See Figure 2.)
2. New Additions
'~ (See Figures 3-6 for existing and proposed comparisons.)
J The administrative offices previously located in the headhouse will be moved
,~ into a new addition created by expanding the depth of the connector added in
`J 1981 between the headhouse and the physiology Iab located to-the north. The
exterior wall of the connector will be demolished and moved ten feet forward.
Primary materials for this addition will be laminated wood timbers, wood
windows, and a flat seam copper roof. The massing will be kept low enough to
~ enable the roofline to terminate below the eave of the existing headhouse,
~~ thereby preserving the roofline of the original structure, and the exterior wall of
O the headhouse will be preserved inside the new space. Additionally, the
~ administrative addition will sit back ten feet behind the building line of the
original structure, allowing the primary reading of the main facade to be that of
~ the original headhouse. A Trellis will be attached to the addition, with the
~~ intention of eventually having this portion covered in vines: Deta~ilswill be
~ provided to MHC if desired when they are available.
C.)
~ Along the north edge of the plant house complex, the 1980's brick physiology lab
~ will be demolished and a new staff work area will be constructed into the
~ existing. hillside and covered over with earth. This strategy has several benefits.
By removing the current hillside that slopes down into the complex, it alleviates
~~ the problem of surface run-off coming down the- hillside and damaging the
~-~ facility. The western end of this addition will be exposed as the hillside slopes to
U meet the lower entry grade. This exposed wall will be treated as a garden wall.
~) The wall itself will be handmade brick, size and color sympathetic with the
U surrounding historic structures and will be detailed in such a way as to become a
J display wall for the Director's extensive vine collection. The area above the
~ ~~ ~ 8
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underground facility will be landscaped as well, thus carrying on the historic
relationship between the Plant Douse and its surrounding gardens and
landscape. By placing the addition below grade, the view from the upper
campus is preserved and enhanced while the view of Lyman Conservatory from
the south, across the perennial garden, remains unchanged.
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Section D
Existing Conditions & Proposed Improvements
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~e~'u~e ~•
a.) Existing view of Lyman Plant House complex, looking north, water garden in
foreground. This "postcard view" is the aspect of the complex that has remained
least changed from the turn of the century. 'The greenhouse at far right is from
191.
b.) Lyman Plant House after current project; photograph of model, looking north.
The "postcard view" will remain unchanged.
10
Fisnre B:
a.) Existing building section, looking east.
b.) New building section, looking east, showing added height of corridor to
accommodate handicapped access, kept below ridge lines of existing structures.
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Ffl~re 3e
a.) Existing view of Lyman Plant Mouse complex looking southeast from College
Lane; 1981 physiology lab addition and connector in left foreground, head house
at lower right; Chapin Fall in background.
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b.) Photograph of model showing view from College bane a#ler construction of new
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12
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Figure 4•
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J a.) New site plan. Dotted line indicates area with new office space below ground.
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a.) Existing elevation of Lyman complex, looking east.
b.) Same elevation with new office addition replacing 1981 connector, center left,
and new brick retaining wa11(to become "vine wall") replacing 1981 physiology
lab at left.
16
Section E
Attachment: Aluminum Glazing Bar Replication for Period Glasshouse
Applications
Aluminum Glaring Bar Replication for Period Glasshouse
The single largest issue with presezvi.ng 1.9`~ century glasshouses is the
stabilization at~d maintenance of the cypress wood glazing rafters anal bars.
The constant exposure to extrer».e climate conditions both inside and outside of
the glasshouse results in an drastically accelerated rate of deterioration and failure
in the wood glazing system elements. (rafters, bars, valley and hip components,
and ridge elements) The yearly maintenance of painting and sealing these
components has proven to be an unrealistic task and financially impossible for all
public conservatories and. nearly al l private glasshouses.
The modern (7 440's on) practice of "bar-capping" -aluminum caps placed over
the glazing bars to keep tine lapped glass firom slipping and to protect the top
sealant -however successful in accomplishing the above, does cause damage to
the wood bars by trapping moisture between the cap attd the surface of the wood
baz at~d by perforated the wood bar with numerous screws resulting in accelerated
roL and failure of the wood bar.
~ Replacement efforts over the last 7S years using other species of wood (ie.
J redwood, northern white cedazand new growth cypress.. _) have failed within
~ .short tinge periods due to the relatively inferior strength and rot resistance
properties of these various woods. Replacement using recyc]ed old growth
cypress has proven to be economically unfeasible oven when a supply can be
~ Located.
A proven acceptable altenhative to the wood glazing bar is an aluminum extruded
shape designed to exactly match the section profile of tk~e wood glazing bar
profile. (example: N.Y.B_G.,1993, Oglebay Park,1994, Lor~,wood Gardens,] 995)
When the aluminum box is painted and installed there is no visual difference
between it and the original painted wood glazing bar. In addition, the aluminum
bar can be designed to accept the bar cap and screws witty rlo detrimexrt to the
glazing bar, unlike the condition created when capping wood bars with aluminum
caps. ~
Provided by Jim Smith, Rough Brothers Construction 17
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18