NFIP Overlay Zone Text.pdfCity of Northampton
MASSACHUSETTS
In City Council, May 18, 2023
Upon the recommendation of Mayor Gina-Louise Sciarra and the
Office of Planning & Sustainability
An Ordinance of the City of Northampton, Massachusetts, providing that the
Code of Ordinances, City of Northampton, Massachusetts, be amended to create
a National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Overlay district, to ensure the City of
Northampton meets or exceeds minimum requirements of the NFIP.
Be it ordained by the City Council of the City of Northampton, in City Council
assembled, as follows:
Amend § 350-3.1 Division into districts, by adding text shown
The City of Northampton, Massachusetts, is hereby divided into zoning districts
to be designated as follows:
Full Name Short Name Class
National Flood Insurance Program NFIP Overlay “O” District
Amend § 350-3.6 by adding text shown
The Floodplain, NFIP Residential Incentive Development, and Water Supply
Protection Districts are superimposed over any other districts established by this
chapter. The rules for these superimposed (overlay) districts shall be in addition
to, rather than in place of, the rules for such underlying other districts. The
boundaries of these districts are shown on the Zoning Map and, for the
Floodplain District, shall be interpreted as lying 100 feet horizontally from the
normal high-water line of a stream, river or pond unless another dimension is
otherwise apparent.
Amend § 350-13.1 by adding text shown
The purposes of the Special Conservancy District are:
A.
To protect the public health and safety, persons and property against the hazards
of seasonal and periodic flooding. See also § 350-16;
Amend § 350-14.1 by adding text shown
The purpose of the Floodplain District is:
B.
To protect the health and safety of persons and property against the hazards of
flooding and contamination, as specified in § 350-13.1 and § 350-16;;
Add the following as § 350-16
§ 350-16.1 Purpose
The purpose of the Floodplain Overlay District is to:
A) Ensure public safety through reducing the threats to life and personal
injury
B) Eliminate new hazards to emergency response officials
C) Prevent the occurrence of public emergencies resulting from water
quality, contamination, and pollution due to flooding
D) Avoid the loss of utility services which if damaged by flooding would
disrupt or shut down the utility network and impact regions of the
community beyond the site of flooding
D) Eliminate costs associated with the response and cleanup of flooding
conditions
F) Reduce damage to public and private property resulting from flooding
waters
The District includes all special flood hazard areas within the City of
Northampton designated as Zone A, AE, AH, AO, A99, V, or VE on the
Hampshire County Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) dated April 3 1978
issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for the
administration of the National Flood Insurance Program. These are
defined by the 1%-chance base flood elevations shown on the FIRM and
further defined by the Hampshire County Flood Insurance Study (FIS)
report dated November 1976. The FIRM and FIS report are incorporated
herein by reference and are on file with the City Clerk, Office of Planning
and Sustainability, and Building Department.
§ 350-16.2 Definitions
For the purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the following
definitions:
DEVELOPMENT means any man-made change to improved or unimproved real
estate, including but not limited to building or other structures, mining,
dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavation or drilling operations or storage of
equipment or materials. [US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59]
FLOOD BOUNDARY AND FLOODWAY MAP means an official map of a
community issued by FEMA that depicts, based on detailed analyses, the
boundaries of the 100-year and 500-year floods and the 100-year floodway. (For
maps done in 1987 and later, the floodway designation is included on the FIRM.)
FLOOD HAZARD BOUNDARY MAP (FHBM.) An official map of a community
issued by the Federal Insurance Administrator, where the boundaries of the flood
and related erosion areas having special hazards have been designated as Zone A
or E. [US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59]
FLOODWAY. The channel of the river, creek or other watercourse and the
adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood
without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than a
designated height. [Base Code, Chapter 2, Section 202]
FUNCTIONALLY DEPENDENT USE means a use which cannot perform its
intended purpose unless it is located or carried out in close proximity to water.
The term includes only docking facilities, port facilities that are necessary for the
loading and unloading of cargo or passengers, and ship building and ship repair
facilities, but does not include long-term storage or related manufacturing
facilities. [US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59] Also [Referenced
Standard ASCE 24-14]
HIGHEST ADJACENT GRADE means the highest natural elevation of the
ground surface prior to construction next to the proposed walls of a structure.
[US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59]
HISTORIC STRUCTURE means any structure that is:
(a) Listed individually in the National Register of Historic Places (a listing
maintained by the Department of Interior) or preliminarily determined by the
Secretary of the Interior as meeting the requirements for individual listing on the
National Register;
(b) Certified or preliminarily determined by the Secretary of the Interior as
contributing to the historical significance of a registered historic district or a
district preliminarily determined by the Secretary to qualify as a registered
historic district;
(c) Individually listed on a state inventory of historic places in states with historic
preservation programs which have been approved by the Secretary of the
Interior; or
(d) Individually listed on a local inventory of historic places in communities with
historic preservation programs that have been certified either:
(1) By an approved state program as determined by the Secretary of the
Interior or
(2) Directly by the Secretary of the Interior in states without approved
programs.
[US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59]
NEW CONSTRUCTION. Structures for which the start of construction
commenced on or after the effective date of the first floodplain management
code, regulation, ordinance, or standard adopted by the authority having
jurisdiction, including any subsequent improvements to such structures. New
construction includes work determined to be substantial improvement.
[Referenced Standard ASCE 24-14]
RECREATIONAL VEHICLE means a vehicle which is:
(a) Built on a single chassis;
(b) 400 square feet or less when measured at the largest horizontal
projection;
(c) Designed to be self-propelled or permanently towable by a light duty truck;
and
(d) Designed primarily not for use as a permanent dwelling but as temporary
living quarters for recreational, camping, travel, or seasonal use.
[US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59]
REGULATORY FLOODWAY - see FLOODWAY.
SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREA. The land area subject to flood hazards and
shown on a Flood Insurance Rate Map or other flood hazard map as Zone A, AE,
A1-30, A99, AR, AO, AH, V, VO, VE or V1-30. [Base Code, Chapter 2, Section
202]
START OF CONSTRUCTION. The date of issuance for new construction and
substantial improvements to existing structures, provided the actual start of
construction, repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition, placement or other
improvement is within 180 days after the date of issuance. The actual start of
construction means the first placement of permanent construction of a building
(including a manufactured home) on a site, such as the pouring of a slab or
footings, installation of pilings or construction of columns.
Permanent construction does not include land preparation (such as
clearing, excavation, grading or filling), the installation of streets or walkways,
excavation for a basement, footings, piers or foundations, the erection of
temporary forms or the installation of accessory buildings such as garages or
sheds not occupied as dwelling units or not part of the main building. For a
substantial improvement, the actual “start of construction” means the first
alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor or other structural part of a building, whether
or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the building. [Base Code,
Chapter 2, Section 202]
STRUCTURE means, for floodplain management purposes, a walled and roofed
building, including a gas or liquid storage tank, that is principally above ground,
as well as a manufactured home. [US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part
59]
SUBSTANTIAL REPAIR OF A FOUNDATION. When work to repair or replace a
foundation results in the repair or replacement of a portion of the foundation
with a perimeter along the base of the foundation that equals or exceeds 50% of
the perimeter of the base of the foundation measured in linear feet, or repair or
replacement of 50% of the piles, columns or piers of a pile, column or pier
supported foundation, the building official shall determine it to be substantial
repair of a foundation. Applications determined by the building official to
constitute substantial repair of a foundation shall require all existing portions of
the entire building or structure to meet the requirements of 780 CMR. [As
amended by MA in 9th Edition BC]
VARIANCE means a grant of relief by a community from the terms of a flood
plain management regulation. [US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59]
VIOLATION means the failure of a structure or other development to be fully
compliant with the community's flood plain management regulations. A structure
or other development without the elevation certificate, other certifications, or
other evidence of compliance required in §60.3(b)(5), (c)(4), (c)(10), (d)(3),
(e)(2), (e)(4), or (e)(5) is presumed to be in violation until such time as that
documentation is provided. [US Code of Federal Regulations, Title 44, Part 59]
§ 350-16.3 Abrogation and greater restriction
The floodplain management regulations found in this Floodplain Overlay
District section shall take precedence over any less restrictive conflicting local
laws, ordinances or codes.
§ 350-16.4 . Disclaimer of liability
The degree of flood protection required by this bylaw ordinance is considered
reasonable but does not imply total flood protection.
§ 350-16.5. Severability
If any section, provision or portion of this ordinance is deemed to be
unconstitutional or invalid by a court, the remainder of the ordinance shall be
effective.
§ 350-16.6. Requirement to submit new technical data
If the Town/City acquires data that changes the base flood elevation in the
FEMA mapped Special Flood Hazard Areas, the Town/City will, within 6
months, notify FEMA of these changes by submitting the technical or
scientific data that supports the change(s.) Notification shall be submitted to:
FEMA Region I Risk Analysis Branch Chief
99 High St., 6th floor, Boston, MA 02110
And copy of notification to:
Massachusetts NFIP State Coordinator
MA Dept. of Conservation & Recreation, 251 Causeway Street, Boston, MA
02114
§ 350-16.7. Variances to building code floodplain standards
The City will request from the State Building Code Appeals Board a
written and/or audible copy of the portion of the hearing related to the
variance, and will maintain this record in the community’s files.
The Town/City shall also issue a letter to the property owner regarding
potential impacts to the annual premiums for the flood insurance
policy covering that property, in writing over the signature of a
community official that (i) the issuance of a variance to construct a
structure below the base flood level will result in increased premium
rates for flood insurance up to amounts as high as $25 for $100 of
insurance coverage and (ii) such construction below the base flood
level increases risks to life and property. Such notification shall be
maintained with the record of all variance actions for the referenced
development in the floodplain overlay district.
§ 350-16.8. Variances to local Zoning Bylaws related to community compliance
with the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
A variance from these floodplain bylaws must meet the requirements set out
by State law, and may only be granted if: 1) Good and sufficient cause and
exceptional non-financial hardship exist; 2) the variance will not result in
additional threats to public safety, extraordinary public expense, or fraud or
victimization of the public; and 3) the variance is the minimum action
necessary to afford relief.
§ 350-16.9. Permits are required for all proposed development in the Floodplain
Overlay District
The City of Northampton requires a permit for all proposed construction or
other development in the NFIP overlay district, including new construction or
changes to existing buildings, placement of manufactured homes, placement
of agricultural facilities, fences, sheds, storage facilities or drilling, mining,
paving and any other development that might increase flooding or adversely
impact flood risks to other properties. Proponents must acquire all necessary
permits, and must demonstrate that all necessary permits have been acquired.
§ 350-16.10. Subdivision proposals
All subdivision proposals and development proposals in the floodplain overlay
district shall be reviewed to assure that:
(a) Such proposals minimize flood damage.
(b) Public utilities and facilities are located & constructed so as to minimize
flood damage.
(c) Adequate drainage is provided.
§ 350-16.11. Base flood elevation data for subdivision proposals
When proposing subdivisions or other developments greater than 50 lots or 5
acres (whichever is less), the proponent must provide technical data to
determine base flood elevations for each developable parcel shown on the
design plans.
§ 350-16.12. Unnumbered A Zones
In A Zones, in the absence of FEMA BFE data and floodway data, the building
department will obtain, review and reasonably utilize base flood elevation and
floodway data available from a Federal, State, or other source as criteria for
requiring new construction, substantial improvements, or other development
in Zone A as the basis for elevating residential structures to or above base
flood level, for floodproofing or elevating nonresidential structures to or
above base flood level, and for prohibiting encroachments in floodways.
§ 350-16.13 Floodway encroachment
In Zones A, A1-30, and AE, along watercourses that have not had a regulatory
floodway designated, the best available Federal, State, local, or other floodway
data shall be used to prohibit encroachments in floodways which would result
in any increase in flood levels within the community during the occurrence of
the base flood discharge.
In Zones A1-30 and AE, along watercourses that have a regulatory floodway
designated on the Town’s/City’s FIRM or Flood Boundary & Floodway Map
(choose map which delineates floodways for your community) encroachments
are prohibited in the regulatory floodway which would result in any increase
in flood levels within the community during the occurrence of the base flood
discharge.
§ 350-16.14 Watercourse alterations or relocations in riverine areas
In a riverine situation, the Building Commissioner shall notify the following of
any alteration or relocation of a watercourse:
• Adjacent Communities, especially upstream and downstream
• Bordering States, if affected
• NFIP State Coordinator
Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation
251 Causeway Street, 8th floor
Boston, MA 02114
• NFIP Program Specialist
Federal Emergency Management Agency, Region I
99 High Street, 6th Floor
Boston, MA 02110
§ 350-16.15. Recreational vehicles
In A1-30, AH, AE Zones, V1-30, VE, and V Zones, all recreational vehicles to be
placed on a site must be elevated and anchored in accordance with the zone’s
regulations for foundation and elevation requirements or be on the site for less
than 180 consecutive days or be fully licensed and highway ready.