30D-016 278 Burts Pit Rd-WETLAND REPORT-4-25-22Wendell Wetland Services
105 Montague Road
Wendell, MA 01379
(978) 544-5607
ward.ves@gmail.com
March 17, 2022
Ms. Rachel Loeffler
The Berkshire Design Group, Inc.
4 Allen Place
Northampton, MA 01060
Re: Wetland Delineation, 278 Burts Pit Road, Northampton
Dear Ms. Loeffler:
As requested, Wendell Wetland Services (WWS) visited the above referenced site today
in order to delineate all wetlands on the property. All wetlands that are protectable
under the Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act (M.G.L. chapter 131, section 40) and
Regulations (310 CMR 10.00), as well as the Northampton Wetlands Protection
Ordinance, have been marked in the field with consecutively numbered pink “wetland
delineation” flagging tape. While these boundaries have been accurately identified,
only the Northampton Conservation Commission, or the Massachusetts Department of
Environmental Protection (DEP) on appeal under State law, can make the final
determination of the extent of the wetland resource areas on the site.
Delineation Methodology
The methodology employed in my delineation utilized both vegetation and hydrology
as outlined in the Regulations at 310 CMR 10.55 and in the DEP handbook Delineating
Bordering Vegetated Wetlands under the Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act (1995).
Hydrophytic Vegetation was based upon the US Fish and Wildlife Service’s National
List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands (1988), as well as all plant species listed in the
Act. Wetland hydrology includes a high water table, water-stained leaves, and hydric
soils. Hydric soils were determined based upon the interagency document Field
Indicators for Identifying Hydric Soils in New England, Version 4 (2016).
Site Description
The site is located to the south of Burts Pit Road, and is undeveloped. To the south of
the property line is an extensive grazed meadow that contains the strong wetland
indicator soft rush (Juncus effusus). While I did not have permission to enter this
abutting property, it is clear that much of the area is wetland.
This off-site wetland extends into the subject parcel in two locations that are marked by
flags A-1 to A-14 and B-1 to B-5. The larger, western area extends well up the hillside
as evidenced by hydric soils and a wetland plant community that is vegetated by silky
dogwood (Swida amomum), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), sensitive fern (Onoclea
sensibilis), and bluejoint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis).
2
Wetland Resource Areas
Under the state Regulations (310 CMR 10.00), wetlands are broken up into different
resource areas, each of which is regulated in a slightly different manner. The delineated
wetlands contain the following resource area, to which there is a 100 foot buffer zone.
* Bordering Vegetated Wetland (10.55)
The site does not fall within the Estimated Habitats of Rare Wildlife or Priority Habitats of
Rare Species according to the most recent online mapping. Therefore, unless new
information becomes available, you should not have to make any filing with the
Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program.
Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions regarding the delineation.
Sincerely,
Wendell Wetland Services
Ward Smith, SPWS
Senior Professional Wetland Scientist
United States
Department of
Agriculture
A product of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey,
a joint effort of the United
States Department of
Agriculture and other
Federal agencies, State
agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local
participants
Custom Soil Resource
Report for
Hampshire County,
Massachusetts,
Central Part
278 Burts Pit Road,
Northampton, MA
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
April 25, 2022
Preface
Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas.
They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information
about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for
many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban
planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers.
Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste
disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand,
protect, or enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose
special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil
properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions.
The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of
soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for
identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.
Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area
planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some
cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/
portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering
applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center
(https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil
Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053951).
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are
seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a
foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as
septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the
Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources
Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National
Cooperative Soil Survey.
Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available
through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its
programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability,
and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion,
sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a
part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not
all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
2
alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print,
audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice
and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of
Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or
call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity
provider and employer.
3
Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................2
How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5
Soil Map..................................................................................................................8
Soil Map................................................................................................................9
Legend................................................................................................................10
Map Unit Legend................................................................................................12
Map Unit Descriptions........................................................................................12
Hampshire County, Massachusetts, Central Part...........................................14
30A—Raynham silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes.........................................14
254B—Merrimac fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes............................15
260B—Sudbury fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes.............................17
314B—Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony.............18
References............................................................................................................20
4
How Soil Surveys Are Made
Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous
areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous
areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and
limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length,
and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and
native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil
profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The
profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the
soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is
devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other
biological activity.
Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource
areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that
share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water
resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey
areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA.
The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that
is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the
area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind
of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific
segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they
were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict
with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a
specific location on the landscape.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their
characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil
scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only
a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented
by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to
verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They
noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock
fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them
to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their
properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).
Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for
comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character
of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
5
scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the
individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that
they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and
research.
The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the
objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that
have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a
unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable
proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components
of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way
diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such
landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite
investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map.
The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of
mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape,
and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the
soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at
specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller
number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded.
These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color,
depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for
content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil
typically vary from one point to another across the landscape.
Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of
characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct
measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit
component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other
properties.
While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally
are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists
interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed
characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the
soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through
observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management.
Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new
interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other
sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of
specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management
are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same
kinds of soil.
Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on
such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example,
soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict
that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the
survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and
Custom Soil Resource Report
6
identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings,
fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.
Custom Soil Resource Report
7
Soil Map
The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of
soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols
displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to
produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit.
8
9
Custom Soil Resource Report
Soil Map
46869604687010468706046871104687160468721046872604687310468736046874104686960468701046870604687110468716046872104687260468731046873604687410692520 692570 692620 692670 692720 692770 692820
692520 692570 692620 692670 692720 692770 692820 692870
42° 18' 54'' N 72° 39' 50'' W42° 18' 54'' N72° 39' 35'' W42° 18' 39'' N
72° 39' 50'' W42° 18' 39'' N
72° 39' 35'' WN
Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 18N WGS84
0 100 200 400 600
Feet
0 30 60 120 180
Meters
Map Scale: 1:2,280 if printed on A portrait (8.5" x 11") sheet.
Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
Area of Interest (AOI)
Area of Interest (AOI)
Soils
Soil Map Unit Polygons
Soil Map Unit Lines
Soil Map Unit Points
Special Point Features
Blowout
Borrow Pit
Clay Spot
Closed Depression
Gravel Pit
Gravelly Spot
Landfill
Lava Flow
Marsh or swamp
Mine or Quarry
Miscellaneous Water
Perennial Water
Rock Outcrop
Saline Spot
Sandy Spot
Severely Eroded Spot
Sinkhole
Slide or Slip
Sodic Spot
Spoil Area
Stony Spot
Very Stony Spot
Wet Spot
Other
Special Line Features
Water Features
Streams and Canals
Transportation
Rails
Interstate Highways
US Routes
Major Roads
Local Roads
Background
Aerial Photography
The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at
1:15,800.
Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale.
Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause
misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil
line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed
scale.
Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map
measurements.
Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service
Web Soil Survey URL:
Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857)
Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator
projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts
distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the
Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more
accurate calculations of distance or area are required.
This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as
of the version date(s) listed below.
Soil Survey Area: Hampshire County, Massachusetts, Central
Part
Survey Area Data: Version 16, Sep 3, 2021
Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales
1:50,000 or larger.
Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Sep 29, 2013—Oct
16, 2016
The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were
compiled and digitized probably differs from the background
Custom Soil Resource Report
10
MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION
imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor
shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident.
Custom Soil Resource Report
11
Map Unit Legend
Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI
30A Raynham silt loam, 0 to 3
percent slopes
16.8 60.8%
254B Merrimac fine sandy loam, 3 to
8 percent slopes
0.3 1.3%
260B Sudbury fine sandy loam, 3 to 8
percent slopes
7.2 26.0%
314B Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 3
to 8 percent slopes, stony
3.3 12.0%
Totals for Area of Interest 27.6 100.0%
Map Unit Descriptions
The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the
soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along
with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit.
A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more
major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named
according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic
class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the
landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the
characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some
observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class.
Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without
including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made
up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor
components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.
Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the
map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called
noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a
particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties
and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different
management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They
generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the
scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas
are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a
given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit
descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor
components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not
mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it
was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and
miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
Custom Soil Resource Report
12
The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the
usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate
pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or
landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The
delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the
development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however,
onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous
areas.
An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.
Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil
properties and qualities.
Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for
differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.
Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness,
salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the
basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas
shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase
commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha
silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series.
Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.
These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups.
A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps.
The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar
in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example.
An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or
miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present
or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered
practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat
similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas
that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar
interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion
of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can
be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made
up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example.
Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil
material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
Custom Soil Resource Report
13
Hampshire County, Massachusetts, Central Part
30A—Raynham silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 9b1h
Elevation: 50 to 500 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees F
Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days
Farmland classification: Not prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Raynham and similar soils:85 percent
Minor components:15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Raynham
Setting
Landform:Depressions
Landform position (three-dimensional):Dip
Down-slope shape:Concave
Across-slope shape:Linear
Parent material:Silty glaciolacustrine deposits
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: silt loam
H2 - 10 to 37 inches: silt loam
H3 - 37 to 60 inches: stratified loamy fine sand to fine sandy loam to silt loam
Properties and qualities
Slope:0 to 3 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches
Drainage class:Poorly drained
Runoff class: Very high
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately low to
moderately high (0.06 to 0.20 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 0 to 31 inches
Frequency of flooding:None
Frequency of ponding:None
Calcium carbonate, maximum content:5 percent
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: High (about 11.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3w
Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D
Ecological site: F145XY004CT - Wet Lake Plain
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Minor Components
Belgrade
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
Custom Soil Resource Report
14
Maybid
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Landform:Depressions
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Scitico
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Landform:Depressions
Hydric soil rating: Yes
254B—Merrimac fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2tyqs
Elevation: 0 to 1,290 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Merrimac and similar soils:85 percent
Minor components:15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Merrimac
Setting
Landform:Outwash plains, outwash terraces, moraines, eskers, kames
Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope, footslope, summit, shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope, crest, riser, tread
Down-slope shape:Convex
Across-slope shape:Convex
Parent material:Loamy glaciofluvial deposits derived from granite, schist, and
gneiss over sandy and gravelly glaciofluvial deposits derived from granite,
schist, and gneiss
Typical profile
Ap - 0 to 10 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw1 - 10 to 22 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw2 - 22 to 26 inches: stratified gravel to gravelly loamy sand
2C - 26 to 65 inches: stratified gravel to very gravelly sand
Properties and qualities
Slope:3 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches
Drainage class:Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: Very low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high to very
high (1.42 to 99.90 in/hr)
Custom Soil Resource Report
15
Depth to water table:More than 80 inches
Frequency of flooding:None
Frequency of ponding:None
Calcium carbonate, maximum content:2 percent
Maximum salinity:Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.4 mmhos/cm)
Sodium adsorption ratio, maximum:1.0
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.6 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2s
Hydrologic Soil Group: A
Ecological site: F145XY008MA - Dry Outwash
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Hinckley
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Landform:Deltas, kames, eskers, outwash plains
Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope, shoulder, summit
Landform position (three-dimensional):Head slope, crest, side slope, nose slope,
rise
Down-slope shape:Convex
Across-slope shape:Convex, linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Sudbury
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Landform:Deltas, terraces, outwash plains
Landform position (two-dimensional):Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional):Tread, dip
Down-slope shape:Concave
Across-slope shape:Linear
Hydric soil rating: No
Windsor
Percent of map unit:3 percent
Landform:Outwash terraces, dunes, deltas, outwash plains
Landform position (two-dimensional):Shoulder
Landform position (three-dimensional):Tread, riser
Down-slope shape:Linear, convex
Across-slope shape:Linear, convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Agawam
Percent of map unit:2 percent
Landform:Outwash plains, outwash terraces, moraines, stream terraces, eskers,
kames
Landform position (three-dimensional):Rise
Down-slope shape:Convex
Across-slope shape:Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Custom Soil Resource Report
16
260B—Sudbury fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 9b20
Elevation: 0 to 2,100 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 40 to 50 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees F
Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days
Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland
Map Unit Composition
Sudbury and similar soils:85 percent
Minor components:15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Sudbury
Setting
Landform:Outwash plains
Landform position (two-dimensional):Footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional):Tread
Down-slope shape:Linear
Across-slope shape:Concave
Parent material:Friable loamy eolian deposits over loose sandy glaciofluvial
deposits
Typical profile
H1 - 0 to 10 inches: fine sandy loam
H2 - 10 to 16 inches: fine sandy loam
H3 - 16 to 28 inches: gravelly loamy sand
H4 - 28 to 60 inches: stratified gravelly sand to very gravelly loamy sand
Properties and qualities
Slope:3 to 8 percent
Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches
Drainage class:Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Low
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):High (2.00 to 6.00
in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 18 to 36 inches
Frequency of flooding:None
Frequency of ponding:None
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.8 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: B
Ecological site: F144AY027MA - Moist Sandy Outwash
Hydric soil rating: No
Custom Soil Resource Report
17
Minor Components
Walpole
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Landform:Terraces
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Merrimac
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
Hinckley
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Hydric soil rating: No
314B—Woodbridge fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes, stony
Map Unit Setting
National map unit symbol: 2w68m
Elevation: 120 to 840 feet
Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 71 inches
Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 55 degrees F
Frost-free period: 140 to 240 days
Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance
Map Unit Composition
Woodbridge, stony, and similar soils:85 percent
Minor components:15 percent
Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit.
Description of Woodbridge, Stony
Setting
Landform:Ground moraines, hills, drumlins
Landform position (two-dimensional):Summit, backslope, footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest, side slope
Down-slope shape:Convex
Across-slope shape:Linear
Parent material:Coarse-loamy lodgment till derived from gneiss, granite, and/or
schist
Typical profile
Oe - 0 to 2 inches: moderately decomposed plant material
A - 2 to 9 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw1 - 9 to 20 inches: fine sandy loam
Bw2 - 20 to 32 inches: fine sandy loam
Cd - 32 to 67 inches: gravelly fine sandy loam
Properties and qualities
Slope:3 to 8 percent
Surface area covered with cobbles, stones or boulders:0.1 percent
Custom Soil Resource Report
18
Depth to restrictive feature:20 to 43 inches to densic material
Drainage class:Moderately well drained
Runoff class: Medium
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Very low to moderately
low (0.00 to 0.14 in/hr)
Depth to water table:About 19 to 27 inches
Frequency of flooding:None
Frequency of ponding:None
Maximum salinity:Nonsaline (0.0 to 1.9 mmhos/cm)
Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 5.3 inches)
Interpretive groups
Land capability classification (irrigated): None specified
Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 2e
Hydrologic Soil Group: C/D
Ecological site: F144AY037MA - Moist Dense Till Uplands
Hydric soil rating: No
Minor Components
Ridgebury, stony
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Landform:Ground moraines, hills, drainageways, drumlins, depressions
Landform position (two-dimensional):Toeslope, footslope
Landform position (three-dimensional):Head slope, base slope
Down-slope shape:Concave
Across-slope shape:Concave
Hydric soil rating: Yes
Paxton, stony
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Landform:Ground moraines, hills, drumlins
Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope, shoulder, summit
Landform position (three-dimensional):Crest, side slope
Down-slope shape:Convex, linear
Across-slope shape:Linear, convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Charlton, stony
Percent of map unit:5 percent
Landform:Hills
Landform position (two-dimensional):Backslope, shoulder, summit
Landform position (three-dimensional):Side slope, crest
Down-slope shape:Convex
Across-slope shape:Convex
Hydric soil rating: No
Custom Soil Resource Report
19
References
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling
and testing. 24th edition.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of
soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00.
Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of
wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service FWS/OBS-79/31.
Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.
Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States.
Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric
soils in the United States.
National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.
Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service.
U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262
Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for
making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577
Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580
Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands
Section.
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of
Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical
Report Y-87-1.
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/
home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/
detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084
20
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/
nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States,
the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook
296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?
cid=nrcs142p2_053624
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land
capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http://
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf
Custom Soil Resource Report
21