Bicycle Friendly Communities 2015 ReportCard and Feedback Northampton=
»Continue to expand the bike network, especially along arterials,
through the use of different types of bicycle facilities. On roads where
automobile speeds regularly exceed 35 mph, it is recommended to
provide protected bicycle infrastructure such as protected bike lanes/
cycle tracks, buffered bike lanes or parallel 10ft wide shared-use paths (in
low density areas). Note that shared lane markings should only be used
on low speed roads.
»Encourage Smith and other colleges in the Five College Consortium
to promote cycling to students, staff, and faculty and to seek recognition
through the Bicycle Friendly University program.
»Implement the grant from the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission to
foster better understanding of why motorists, pedestrians, and bicyclists
break certain laws in certain places in order to create a better functioning
environment for all parties. As you increase ticketing of bicyclists and
pedestrians, consider offering a diversion program or other education in-
lieu of monetary fine program so that bicyclists and pedestrians who may
be unaware of safe practices have the opportunity to learn rather than
pay a fine.
»Your community reported that you have implemented a high
percentage of your current bicycle plan. Update your 2011 bicycle plan to
ensure that you continue to improve bicycling in your community; that
state-of-the-art bicycle facilities are included; and that infrastructure
planning is complimented with encouragement, education, and
enforcement programs to increase usage.
northaMPton, Massachusetts
4%
4%
soMe
10%
lIttle
actIVe
Meets
Monthly
or More
few/Good
yes
1 Per 71.5K
10 Building Blocks of
a Bicycle friendly community NorthamptonAverage Silver
Arterial Streets
with Bike Lanes
Total Bicycle Network Mileage
to Total Road Network Mileage
Public Education Outreach
Share of Transportation Budget
Spent on Bicycling
Bike Month and
Bike to Work Events
Active Bicycle Advocacy Group
Active Bicycle Advisory Committee
Bicycle–Friendly Laws & Ordinances
Bike Plan is Current and is Being
Implemented
Bike Program Staff to Population
45%
30%
GOOD
7%
GOOD
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
SOME
YES
1 PER 70k
learn More » www.BIKeleaGue.orG/coMMunItIes suPPorted By
Fall 2015
3 /10
2 /10
2 /10
4 /10
3 /10
category scores
enGIneerInG
Bicycle network and connectivity
educatIon
Motorist awareness and bicycling skills
encouraGeMent
Mainstreaming bicycling culture
enforceMent
Promoting safety and protecting bicyclists' rights
eValuatIon & PlannInG
Setting targets and having a plan
key outcomes
rIdershIP
Percentage of daily bicyclists
safety Measurescrashes
Crashes per 10k daily bicyclists
safety MeasuresfatalItIes
Fatalities per 10k daily bicyclists
key steps to SILVER
PoPulatIon densIty
794.528,600
total PoPulatIon
total area (sq. miles)
36
# of local BIcycle
frIendly BusInesses na
# of local BIcycle
frIendly unIVersItIes na
Northampton
3.80%
296
3.52
Average Silver
3.5%
180
1.4
1
NORTHAMPTON, MA
Fall 2015
Our Bicycle Friendly Community review panel
was very pleased to see the current efforts and
dedication to make Northampton a safe,
comfortable and convenient place to bicycle.
Below, reviewers provided recommendations to
help you further promote bicycling in
Northampton. Key recommendations are
highlighted in bold. Underlined phrases are
links to further information and resources
online.
We strongly encourage you to use this feedback
to build on your momentum and improve your
community for bicyclists.
There may also be initiatives, programs, and
facilities that are not mentioned here that
would benefit your bicycling culture, so please
continue to try new things to increase your
ridership, safety, and awareness.
The cost of bicycle facilities and possible
funding options are discussed on the last page
of this report.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Engineering
Adopt bicycle facility selection
criteria that increases separation and
protection of bicyclists based on
levels of motor vehicle speed and
volume.
Develop a design manual that meets current
NACTO standards or endorse the NACTO
Urban Bikeway Design Guide.
Regulations that require bike parking for
new developments and major renovations
of existing developments can secure private
funding. Consider including provisions for
assessing bike parking in communities that
aren't currently slated for development or
revitalization. See this model bicycle
parking ordinance for guidance.
Continue to expand the bike network,
especially along arterials, through the
use of different types of bicycle
facilities. On roads where automobile
speeds regularly exceed 35 mph, it is
recommended to provide protected
bicycle infrastructure such as
protected bike lanes/cycle tracks,
buffered bike lanes or parallel 10ft
wide shared-use paths (in low density
areas). Note that shared lane markings
should only be used on low speed roads.
On-street improvements coupled with the
expansion of the off-street system will
encourage more people to cycle and will
improve safety. Ensure smooth transitions
for bicyclists between the local and regional
trail network, and the street network. These
improvements will also increase the
effectiveness of encouragement efforts by
providing a broader range of facility choices
for users of various abilities and comfort
levels.
Increase road safety for all users by
reducing traffic speeds. Lower the
speed limit especially downtown,
around schools, and in
neighborhoods. Relative to other
applicants, your community reports a lower
2
than average percentage of roads with
posted speeds of 25 mph or less. Use traffic
calming measures and low speed design
principles to achieve higher compliance
rates. Speed has been identified as a key
risk factor in road traffic injuries,
influencing both the risk of a road traffic
crash as well as the severity of the injuries
that result from crashes. For instance,
pedestrians and cyclists have a 90% chance
of survival if hit by a car travelling at a
speed of 20 mph or below, but less than a
50% chance of surviving an impact of 30
mph or above. Studies also generally report
a positive association between traffic safety
(perceived and/or measured) and walking
and cycling, particularly among women.
Local reviewers were very
appreciative of the efforts made by
Northampton to improve the on and
off-street bicycle network, however
maintenance of that effort was
identified as an area in need of
improvement.
Education
Bicycle-safety education should be a routine
part of education, for students of all ages,
and schools and the surrounding
neighborhoods should be particularly safe
and convenient for biking and walking.
Particularly as students learn to drive cars;
it is important that they continue to learn
about safe bicycling practices and how to
safely share the road as drivers. Work
with your local bicycle groups or
interested parents to expand the Safe
Routes to School program to all
schools. Click here for an exemplary
bicycle safety curriculum designed for
fourth and fifth grade students. For more
information on Safe Routes to School, see
the National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration's Safe Routes To School
Toolkit or visit www.saferoutesinfo.org.
Expand adult bicycle education
opportunities. Classes that teach skills that
improve bike commuting can help people
make what is possible practical. Education
can also be helpful for adults who are
recommended exercise by health care
providers, check to see if any area doctors
or hospitals are interested in partnering for
education programming.
Ensure that there are bicycle education
opportunities specifically for women,
seniors, families and other specific
demographic groups. By specifically
targeting education opportunities to certain
groups you can ensure that those groups are
better reached and their specific concerns
are addressed by the curriculum.
Encouragement
Consider offering a ‘Ciclovia’ or Open
Streets type event, closing off a major
corridor to auto traffic and offering the
space to cyclists and pedestrians. See Open
Streets in action. This event can also be a
great place to engage people about
improvements they would like in their
3
community and barriers to biking more
often that they experience.
Expand encouragement efforts
during Bike Month in partnership with
local bicycle advocacy groups. Host,
sponsor and encourage a greater variety of
bicycle-themed community events,
campaigns and programs. Increase your
efforts on Bike to Work Day and Bike to
School Day. Create benchmarks for
participation and work with local employers
and schools to foster competition about
participation in Bike to Work Day and Bike
to School Day activities. Ensure to widely
advertise all bicycle-themed community
events and programs. For ideas and more
information, visit
http://bikeleague.org/bikemonth.
Provide a variety of targeted bicycle
events to engage women, seniors, and
other demographic groups that may
benefit from non-traditional or
group-specific bicycle events. Targeted
events may help to encourage groups that
have specific concerns about bicycling or
which have not previously been engaged in
supporting bicycling improvements.
Encourage Smith and other colleges
in the Five College Consortium to
promote cycling to students, staff,
and faculty and to seek recognition
through the Bicycle Friendly
University program. Many colleges and
universities have embraced the growing
enthusiasm for more bicycle-friendly
campuses by incorporating bike share
programs, bike co-ops, bicycling education
classes and policies to promote bicycling as
a preferred means of transportation. The
community will benefit as well:
Communities near BFUs have a higher
number of regular bicyclists (as many
students bike to campus, shops and
restaurants), less congestion around
campus, safer streets, and university-hosted
public bicycle events, programs, and
classes. The League offers many tools to
help promote the Bicycle Friendly
University program in your community.
Enforcement
Continue to ensure that police
officers are educated on traffic laws
as they apply to bicyclists and
motorists and bicycling skills. Ensure
that law enforcement officers who are not
certified or trained as bicycle patrol officers
nevertheless have basic training or
experience with bicycling in your
community in order to foster great
interactions between bicyclists and police
officers.
Implement the grant from the Pioneer
Valley Planning Commission to foster better
understanding of why motorists,
pedestrians, and bicyclists break certain
laws in certain places in order to create a
better functioning environment for all
parties. As you increase ticketing of
bicyclists and pedestrians, consider offering
4
a diversion program or other education in-
lieu of monetary fine program so that
bicyclists and pedestrians who may be
unaware of safe practices have the
opportunity to learn rather than pay a fine.
Evaluation & Planning
Your community reported that you
have implemented a high percentage
of your current bicycle plan. Update
your 2011 bicycle plan to ensure that
you continue to improve bicycling in
your community; that state-of-the-art
bicycle facilities are included; and
that infrastructure planning is
complemented with encouragement,
education, and enforcement
programs to increase usage.
Ensure that your bicycle counts capture the
gender of cyclists. If women ride
significantly less than men, this gender gap
can be addressed through infrastructure
improvements, and targeted education and
encouragement efforts. Learn more at
bikeleague.org/womenbike.
Adopt a target level of bicycle use (percent
of trips) to be achieved within a specific
timeframe, and ensure data collection
necessary to monitor progress.
COSTS AND FUNDING
OPTIONS
Costs
Building a new roadway for motor vehicles can
cost millions of dollars to construct, and many
of the pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure
facilities are extremely low-cost in comparison.
Use this database to review up-to-date
estimates of infrastructure costs of pedestrian
and bicycle treatments from states and cities
across the country.
Federal Funding
Since 1992 bicycle and pedestrian projects
have been eligible for federal transportation
funding. To learn more about what federal
funds are available for bicycle projects, use
Advocacy Advance’s interactive Find it, Fund it
tool to search for eligible funding programs by
bike/ped project type or review the same
information as a PDF here.
State Funding
Biking and walking dollars aren't only available
from the federal government. States can also
have their own revenue sources that can be used
to fund active transportation. Use this report
and an online tool to explore your state’s
funding sources for bicycle and pedestrian
improvements.
Local Funding
Local governments can also create their own
revenue streams to improve conditions for
bicycling and walking. Three common
approaches include: special bond issues,
dedications of a portion of local sales taxes or a
voter-approved sales tax increase, and use of
the annual capital improvement budgets of
Public Works and/or Parks agencies. Bicycle
5
facility improvements can also be tagged on to
larger projects to create economies of scale that
results in reduced costs and reduced impacts to
traffic, businesses, and residents. For example,
if there is an existing road project, it is usually
cheaper to add bike lanes and sidewalks to the
project than to construct them separately. To
learn more about public funding of bicycle
infrastructure improvements, visit
pedbikeinfo.org/planning/funding_governmen
t.cfm.
Resources and Support
Advocacy Advance offers several tools,
resources, and workshops to help advocates and
agency staff maximize eligible funding
programs.