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21 Park Street Follow Massachusetts Historical Commission Survey Manual instructions for completing this form. FORM B − BUILDING MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION MASSACHUSETTS ARCHIVES BUILDING 220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125 Photograph Topographic or Assessor's Map Recorded by: Bonnie Parsons Organization: Pioneer Valley Planning Commission Date (month / year): April, 2011 Assessor’s Number USGS Quad Area(s) Form Number 23A-22 Easthampton NTH. 168 Town: Northampton Place: (neighborhood or village) Florence Address: 21 Park Street Historic Name: Hall Judd House Uses: Present: Single-family residence Original: Single-family residence Date of Construction: 1846 Source: Original Cash Account Style/Form: Cape Architect/Builder: Exterior Material: Foundation: granite Wall/Trim: brick, granite, shingles Roof: slate Outbuildings/Secondary Structures: Major Alterations (with dates): Dormers added, wing added, porch added, ca. 1910 Condition: good Moved: no | x | yes | | Date Acreage: 0.248 acres Setting: This houses faces south on its lot rather than towards the street on the west. It occupies a corner lot that is screened by hedges on the north. INVENTORY FORM B CONTINUATION SHEET [NORTHAMPTON ] [21 PARK STREET] MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Area(s) Form No. 220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125 Continuation sheet 1 NTH.168 _x__ Recommended for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. If checked, you must attach a completed National Register Criteria Statement form. Use as much space as necessary to complete the following entries, allowing text to flow onto additional continuation sheets. ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION: Describe architectural features. Evaluate the characteristics of this building in terms of other buildings within the community. The Judd House is one of two, south-facing Cape form houses on Park Street. The other house is at 13 Park Street, though the latter is in frame. This is a one-and-a-half story brick house, on granite foundations, five bays wide and two bays deep under a side-gable roof that is slate-covered. The center entry is slightly recessed below a four-light transom window. Windows have granite sills and lintels and sash is replacement 1/1. The house was updated to the Queen Anne style, ca. 1910 with the addition of two through-cornice triangular dormers and a centered shed roof dormer on the south façade. Added as well was the wraparound porch on turned posts with a spindled frieze and pedimented entry. A wing on the east elevation, one-and-a-half stories in height has a one-story enclosed porch on its south elevation. The wing is of frame construction and is shingle-sided. This was a particularly well-built house at the time of its construction in 1846, which has contributed to its current good condition. HISTORICAL NARRATIVE Discuss the history of the building. Explain its associations with local (or state) history. Include uses of the building, and the role(s) the owners/occupants played within the community. From Form B of 1976: “The Hall Judd House is a notable structure still evident in Florence today. It was the home of Mr. Judd, a clerk of The Northampton Association of Education and Industry. The latter was a transcendentalist institution providing for members of the industrial community and their families moral, literary, scientific and mechanical instruction. Mr. Judd made very concise, copious notes on each building feature. The total cost for the entire house including labor was under $1200. In 1851, Mrs. Francis Judd took over the residence and occupied it until 1894. Lest we forget, the house is significant by the mere occurrence of a hidden staircase. It is strongly suggested that the edifice served as an underground rail station aiding and abetting the transport of slaves.” BIBLIOGRAPHY and/or REFERENCES Beers, F. W. County Atlas of Hampshire Massachusetts, New York, 1873. Hales, John G. Plan of the Town or Northampton in the County of Hampshire, 1831. Miller, D. L. Atlas of the City of Northampton and Town of Easthampton, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, Philadelphia, 1895. Walker, George H. and Company. Atlas of Northampton City, Massachusetts, Boston, 1884. Walling, Henry F. Map of Hampshire County, Massachusetts, New York, 1860. INVENTORY FORM B CONTINUATION SHEET [NORTHAMPTON ] [21 PARK STREET] MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Area(s) Form No. 220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125 Continuation sheet 2 NTH.168 National Register of Historic Places Criteria Statement Form Check all that apply: Individually eligible Eligible only in an historic district Contributing to a potential historic district Potential historic district Criteria: A B C D Criteria Considerations: A B C D E F G Statement of Significance by _____Bonnie Parsons___________________ The criteria that are checked in the above sections must be justified here. This property would contribute to a Florence Center Historic District. The potential historic district of Florence Center is significant as the commercial, residential, institutional center of the village that developed from 1657 when it was set off as Northampton’s “Inner Commons” as agricultural land and 1681 when the first sawmill was erected at a falls on the Mill River. The agricultural and industrial village developed through the 18th and 19th centuries around industry on the Mill River, agriculture on the alluvial flood plain and the Strong Tavern and later Cottage Hotel at the intersection of Main and Maple Streets. It is significant for the silk industry that flourished through the Civil war as an alternative to slave-picked cotton and for the establishment of the Northampton Association for Education and Industry, a utopian community that existed 1843-1847. Association members after its close continued in Florence their principles of equality by running the Underground Railroad through the village and harboring fugitive slaves. It is significant as the home of Sojourner Truth. 19th century industry in the Center included the Florence Sewing Machine Company, which built its own housing. Architecturally the Center is significant for the range of Gothic Revival, Italianate, Stick Style, French Second Empire, Queen Anne and Colonial Revival style homes, for its commercial blocks and library in the Revival styles of the late 19th century. Gothic Revival and Italianate style churches are architect-designed in high style versions. The potential district has integrity of workmanship, design, feeling, association, and materials.