21 Middle Street
Follow Massachusetts Historical Commission Survey Manual instructions for completing this form.
FORM B − BUILDING
MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION
MASSACHUSETTS ARCHIVES BUILDING
220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125
Photograph
Topographic or Assessor's Map
Recorded by: Bonnie Parsons
Organization: Pioneer Valley Planning Commission
Date (month / year): March, 2011
Assessor’s Number USGS Quad Area(s) Form Number
23A-274 Easthampton NTH.232
Town: Northampton
Place: (neighborhood or village) Florence
Address: 21 Middle Street
Historic Name: William Law House
Uses: Present: Three-family residence
Original: Single-family residence
Date of Construction: 1860’s
Source: Map and Directory
Style/Form: Italianate
Architect/Builder:
Exterior Material:
Foundation: brick
Wall/Trim: clapboards
Roof: slate
Outbuildings/Secondary Structures:
Major Alterations (with dates):
Windows and front door replaced, ca. 2005
Portico added, ca. 1940
Condition: good
Moved: no | x | yes | | Date
Acreage: 0.343 acres
Setting: This is a south-facing house on a
INVENTORY FORM B CONTINUATION SHEET [NORTHAMPTON ] [21 MIDDLE STREET]
MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Area(s) Form No.
220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125
Continuation sheet 1
NTH.232
__x_ Recommended for listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
If checked, you must attach a completed National Register Criteria Statement form.
Use as much space as necessary to complete the following entries, allowing text to flow onto additional continuation sheets.
ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION:
Describe architectural features. Evaluate the characteristics of this building in terms of other buildings within the community.
The Law House is one of the best-preserved of the houses on Middle Street. It is two-and-a-half stories in height under a front-
gable roof and has a wing on the west and a two-and-a-half story ell on the north. The main block of the house is three bays
wide and its windows have Italianate molded lintels. The roof has wide eaves that make returns in the gables in Italianate
fashion, but the house is not otherwise ornamented. A pedimented, Colonial Revival style portico on columns was added to the
entry and windows have been replaced with vinyl sash with 6/6 muntin configuration that would repeat the original configuration.
With its slate roof and well-proportioned elevations, this house is a good example of the high standards of construction and
design in Florence in the 1860s.
HISTORICAL NARRATIVE
Discuss the history of the building. Explain its associations with local (or state) history. Include uses of the building, and the role(s) the
owners/occupants played within the community.
From Form B of 1980: “Middle Street, formerly known as Center Street, and originally called ‘Concrete House Street’ was laid
out in 1860. This was the year before the Florence Sewing Machine Company was formed and located on Chestnut Street
between Main Street and the new laid out street. The new street opened up land for residential development near this growing
industrial site.
This house first appears on the 1873 atlas as the property of William Law, a machinist employed by the Sewing Machine
Co. Mr. Law may have lived here as early as the late 1860’s, as he is listed in the 1868 directory as working for the Sewing
Machine Co.”
BIBLIOGRAPHY and/or REFERENCES
Beers, F. W. County Atlas of Hampshire Massachusetts, New York, 1873.
Hales, John G. Plan of the Town or Northampton in the County of Hampshire, 1831.
Miller, D. L. Atlas of the City of Northampton and Town of Easthampton, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, Philadelphia, 1895.
Walker, George H. and Company. Atlas of Northampton City, Massachusetts, Boston, 1884.
Walling, Henry F. Map of Hampshire County, Massachusetts, New York, 1860.
INVENTORY FORM B CONTINUATION SHEET [NORTHAMPTON ] [21 MIDDLE STREET]
MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL COMMISSION Area(s) Form No.
220 MORRISSEY BOULEVARD, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02125
Continuation sheet 2
NTH.232
National Register of Historic Places Criteria Statement Form
Check all that apply:
Individually eligible Eligible only in an historic district
Contributing to a potential historic district Potential historic district
Criteria: A B C D
Criteria Considerations: A B C D E F G
Statement of Significance by _____Bonnie Parsons___________________
The criteria that are checked in the above sections must be justified here.
This property would contribute to a Florence Center Historic District. The potential historic district of Florence
Center is significant as the commercial, residential, institutional center of the village that developed from 1657 when
it was set off as Northampton’s “Inner Commons” as agricultural land and 1681 when the first sawmill was erected at
a falls on the Mill River. The agricultural and industrial village developed through the 18th and 19th centuries around
industry on the Mill River, agriculture on the alluvial flood plain and the Strong Tavern and later Cottage Hotel at the
intersection of Main and Maple Streets. It is significant for the silk industry that flourished through the Civil war as
an alternative to slave-picked cotton and for the establishment of the Northampton Association for Education and
Industry, a utopian community that existed 1843-1847. Association members after its close continued in Florence
their principles of equality by running the Underground Railroad through the village and harboring fugitive slaves. It
is significant as the home of Sojourner Truth. 19th century industry in the Center included the Florence Sewing
Machine Company, which built its own housing.
Architecturally the Center is significant for the range of Gothic Revival, Italianate, Stick Style, French Second
Empire, Queen Anne and Colonial Revival style homes, for its commercial blocks and library in the Revival styles of
the late 19th century. Gothic Revival and Italianate style churches are architect-designed in high style versions. On
Middle Street many of the houses are further distinguished as being among the earliest workers’ housing made of
concrete in Northampton. The potential district has integrity of workmanship, design, feeling, association, and
materials.