Lead Paint Disposal Honor Court BOARD OF HEALTH
JOHN T.JOYCE,Chairman
ANNE BURES,M.D.
MICHAEL R.PARSONS
PETER J.McERLAIN, Health Agent
February 7, 1995
Mr. James Corley, Director
Wm. Nagle Honor Court
16 Meadow Street
Florence, Ma 01060
CITY OF NORTHAMTON
MASSACHUSETTS 01060
OFFICE OF THE
BOARD OF HEALTH
210 MAIN STREET
01060
(413)586-6950 Ext.213
Dear Mr. Corley:
As you are aware, the Board of Health has received a complaint concerning the burial of paint
chips on Honor Court property at 16 Meadow Street, Florence. The paint chips allegedly resulted
from paint scraping and repainting jobs conducted by the Honor Court last summer.An
investigation on 2/3/95 revealed that a quantity of paint chips was buried beneath 12 inches of
soil adjacent to the wooden fence at the rear of the property. Preliminary test indicates that the
paint chips are positive for lead. It now must be determined whether the paint chips are toxic,
requiring immediate cleanup and disposal as hazardous waste, or simply an improperly disposed
of solid waste requiring removal in the spring and disposal in the landfill.
Therefore in accordance with the provisions of State Regulations 310 CMR 30.133 the Honor
Court is hereby ordered to :
A. Have a second test, the Toxic Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP)
conducted on the paint chips to determine if there is 5ppm (parts per million)
or greater of lead present which would indicate that the chips are a toxic
material requiring immediate cleanup and disposal by a licensed hazardous
waste disposal firm within seven (7)days of the receipt of this notice
You will need to hire a certified testing laboratory and to make arrangements for another sample
of chips to be collected, (a coffee can full-approx 100 grams is required). I will be available to
oversee the sample collection.A list of certified testing laboratories in our area is attached.
B. Immediately cease the practice of removing lead paint or any untested paint
since your program is not a State Certified Deleading Operation.
C. Provide the Board of Health with a list of the sites from which the paint chips
were removed, within seven (7)days of the receipt of this notice. It is
necessary to inform property owners and/or occupants of the possible exposure
to lead dust during the unlicensed removal of exterior lead paint and also of the
possible contamination of soil near the deleaded buildings.
Please do not hesitate to contact me at the Board of Health office with any questions concerning
this matter.
a
2
Your continued cooperation in this matter is appreciated.
Very truly yours,
Peter J. V cErtain,Agent
Northampton Board of Health
cc: City Solicitor K. Fallon
Cert. Mail#2-343-788-875
Testing Laboratories In Northampton Area
Commonwealth Analytical
Tighe 8 Bond
Westfield Executive Park
53 Southampton Road
Westfield, MA 01085
Tel. (413) 562-1600
Norwich Laboratories
750 North Plaesant St.
Amherst, MA 01002
Tel (413) 549-6884
Environmental Testing Laboratories
170 Montgomery St.
Chicopee, MA
Tel (413) 592-2500
Summary of the Department of Environmental Protection (Department)
Regulations which apply to the Deleading Industry.
Dust
Regulation 310 CMR 7. 52 - Any police department, fire department,
board of health officials or building inspector or his designee
acting within his jurisdictional area is hereby authorized by the
Department to enforce, as provided for in MGL c. 111, s. 142B, any
regulation in which specific reference to 310 CMR 7.52 is cited.
Regulation 310 CMR 7.09 (1) - No person having control of any dust
or odor generating operations such as construction work, shall
permit emissions therefrom which cause or contribute to a condition
of air pollution.
Regulation 310 CMR 7 . 09 (7) - 310 CMR 7 . 09 (1) is subject to the
enforcement provisions specified in 310 CMR 7 . 52 .
If you receive a complaint regarding any undue dust or odors coming
from a deleading project, you are authorized under 310 CMR 7 . 52 to
enforce compliance. This includes changing any work practices that
will eliminate or substantially diminish the problem such as:
ordering a higher level of dust filtration for work areas inside
the building that are venting dust to the outside, better sealing
of the work area (with plastic and tape) , increased wetting of the
material during the work procedure (but not so much water that
there is runoff) , work prohibitions on windy days if the work is
outside, enclosures around outside work areas to prevent dust
release, drop cloths (HUD requires three feet of width for each
level you go up, DPH requires eight feet) , even shutting down the
job if necessary. If the violations are so egregious that you have
shut down the job, the DEP may want to issue a Notice of
Noncompliance to the owner or contractor. Call the DEP office, 413-
784-1100. Tell the operator that you want to file an air pollution
complaint. The complaint will be routed to the person in charge of
complaints for the Air Quality section. The DEP may want to
inspect the site or may take enforcement action based on a written
report prepared by the local authorities
Waste Disposal
Regulation 310 CMR 30.133 - This section of the hazardous waste
regulation lists certain materials that are hazardous wastes if
they are intended to be discarded, or otherwise applied to the land
in lieu of their original intended use. This list includes most if
not all of the ingredients used in the paint strippers which are
available to the deleading companies.
2
The biggest problem that the DEP currently has with the deleading
industry is the disposal of waste. All lead paint waste must be
tested by the TCLP (Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure) . Many
contractors do not do this, but simply dispose all of the lead
contaminated waste as construction debris. Any waste in the form
of chips, contaminated soil, caustic solvent sludge, surplus
stripping solvents, lead painted materials, air cleaning filters
and waste water from washing must all be tested by TCLP for lead
content. The caustic solvent sludges, surplus solvents and waste
water must also be tested for other hazardous waste compounds if
all of the original contents are not known. Lead contaminated soil
in a residential setting is not considered a hazardous waste if it
is left in place, not excavated and covered over. Disposable tyvek
coveralls and plastic sheeting can be cleaned by wiping down with
a tri-sodium phosphate solution. They can then be disposed of as
solid waste if clean. The waste water must then be tested.
Currently many contractors are dumping the liquid wastes down the
toilet so that it goes to a sanitary handling facility. This is
illegal . If the TCLP result is greater than 5ppm (parts per
million) of lead, then the material is considered a hazardous waste
and must be handled and disposed of as such, and at a much greater
cost. The TCLP for lead usually takes about a week to perform and
costs from $50. 00 per sample on up.
The following are some additional regulations which may be of use
in understanding how wastes are classified and tested. Copies of
all of the regulations quoted in this summary are attached for your
files (310 CMR 155B in part) .
Regulations 310 CMR 30. 111 through 30 . 123 - These sections describe
other criteria and characteristics, such as pH and flammability,
that hazardous wastes may have and their established limits.
Regulation 310 CMR 31. 125A - Describes the EP Toxicity test, which
is similar to the TCLP, for determining if wastes have hazardous
concentrations of certain contaminants including lead.
Regulation 310 CMR 30. 125B - Describes the toxicity characteristics
and allowable limits of several substances that must be routinely
tested by TCLP for hazardous waste determination.
Regulation 310 CMR 30. 155E - Describes the TCLP test itself and
some of the equipment that is used.
Regulation 310 CMR 30. 302 - Requires all waste generators, such as
deleading contractors, to test their wastes and determine if they
are hazardous wastes. Testing is not required if the waste is
listed in the regulation as a hazardous waste.
3
The Department contact who is most knowledgeable about lead as
hazardous waste is Bill Sirull in Boston. His number is 617-292-
5838, and he is a wealth of information for any specific questions.
In the western region you should contact Joe Nikodem at 413-784-
1100 extension 232. Joe is also a hazardous waste specialist.
Prepared by: Bob Shultz Dept. of Environmental Protection
(413) 784-1100 ext. 210
ADDENDUM
The following DEP regulations are also enforceable by local
officials and may be helpful in the compliance/enforcement effort.
ODOR
On page one the first regulation, 310 CMR 7.09 (1) , says that
construction work must not emit odors. The chemicals that are used
in deleading have very strong odors, so strong in fact that the
deleading workers use chemical filter cartridges on their
respirators. In close living quarters, like apartment blocks, if
the contractor is not using sufficient ventilation and air
cleaning, nearby residents may have serious complaints. These
odors are not only a nuisance but the buildup of fumes can be a
serious health hazard. In this case you may require the contractor
to vent the source of the odors out of the building above the roof
level and to cleanup and containerize all odoriferous materials
periodically throughout the day.
Noise
Regulation 310 CMR 7. 10 (1) - No person controlling a source of
sound shall willfully, or through failure to provide maintenance or
service allow unnecessary emissions from said source of sound that
may cause noise
Regulation 310 CMR 7 . 10 (2) - 310 CMR 7. 10 (1) shall pertain to, but
shall not be limited to, suppressible and preventable industrial
and commercial sources of sound, and other man - made sounds that
cause noise.
Regulation 310 CMR 7. 10 (4) - 310 CMR 7 . 10 (1) is subject to the
enforcement provisions specified in 310 CMR 7. 52 .
This regulation will give you additional leverage with problematic
contractors. Many times unscrupulous contractors try to circumvent
your inspections by changing the specified work hours without
notifying the appropriate agencies. If the work is occurring
outside you may require them to work only during certain daylight
hours when the background noise is sufficient to mask their
demolition or renovation noises. The town may already have in
place a noise pollution ordinance that is enforced by the police.
This regulation will not be applicable very frequently.
SUMMARY OF SAMPLING AND CONTAINERIZATION
OF
LEAD PAINT CHIP WASTE SITE
On February 15, 1995, I observed the following at the 16 Meadow Street, Florence,
headquarters of the Honor Court:
1. Kevin Sheehan and two other representatives of Environmental Compliance Services
arrived at 10:30 a.m.,
2. A jackhammer was used to remove the appoximately 12"of soil over the paint chips,
3. All paint chips and contaminated soils were removed and sealed into 55-gallon drums
which will be stored on site until their toxic status has been determined,
4. The soil immediately above and below the paint chip waste was placed in four(4) drums.
Composite samples from these drums of soil were taken for TCLP analysis,
5. A mixture of the paint chips and soil was also sealed in two (2) 55-gallon drums.
Composite samples were also collected for TCLP analysis,
6. Note: The total volume of paint chips referred to above would equal
approximately 3/4 of one (1) drum.
7. Once the TCLP tests results are available, a decision will be made on the disposal of the
soil and chip waste in the drums. Any material with a lead TCLP test result of 5ppm or
greater would be considered toxic and would be disposed of in a hazardous waste
landfill. Any material with a lead TCLP of less than 5ppm would be disposed of in the
Northampton Landfill.
Report prepared by:
Peter J. McErain, Health Agent
Northampton Board of Health
February 15, 1995
SUMMARY OF SAMPLING AND CONTAINERIZATION
OF
LEAD PAINT CHIP WASTE SITE
On February 15, 1995, I observed the following at the 16 Meadow Street, Florence,
headquarters of the Honor Court:
1. Kevin Sheehan and two other representatives of Environmental Compliance Services
arrived at 10:30 a.m.,
2. A jackhammer was used to remove the appoximately 12"of soil over the paint chips,
3. All paint chips and contaminated soils were removed and sealed into 55-gallon drums
which will be stored on site until their toxic status has been determined,
4. The soil immediately above and below the paint chip waste was placed in four(4) drums.
Composite samples from these drums of soil were taken for TCLP analysis,
5. A mixture of the paint chips and soil was also sealed in two (2) 55-gallon drums.
Composite samples were also collected for TCLP analysis,
6. Note: The total volume of paint chips referred to above would equal
approximately 3/4 of one(1)drum.
7. Once the TCLP tests results are available, a decision will be made on the disposal of the
soil and chip waste in the drums. Any material with a lead TCLP test result of 5ppm or
greater would be considered toxic and would be disposed of in a hazardous waste
landfill. Any material with a lead TCLP of less than 5ppm would be disposed of in the
Northampton Landfill.
Report prepared by:
Peter J. McEdain, Health Agent
Northampton Board of Health
February 15, 1995
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Time: 8 AM to 5 PM
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If you have any questions about the course, please call
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To register please return the enclosed registration form to:
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ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE SERVICES, INC.
March 15, 1995
File No. 12343.00
Document No. 9376
Mr. Peter McErlain
Northampton Board of Health
210 Main Street
Northamtpon, Massachusetts 01060
RE: The Honor Court
Paint Chip Project
Dear Mr. McErlain:
Environmental Compliance Services, Inc. (ECS) is pleased to present this status report
regarding the removal of paint chips deposited at property occupied by the Honor Court on
Middle Street in Florence, Massachusetts.
ECS has been contracted by the Honor Court to oversee the removal of buried paint
chips from the property. The Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP) allows for the
excavation and off-site disposal of up to 20 cubic yards of soil contaminated by a release of
hazardous materials. The mechanism for this type of clean-up is called a Limited Removal
Action (LRA). An LRA can be undertaken at a site where a 120 day MCP notification
requirement is applicable. The LRA must be completed in the notification period which is 120
days from the point when the notification requirement is realized. If the LRA successfully
remediates the condition which triggered the 120 notification requirement, then notification
is no longer required. Based on the historical information regarding the deposition of the paint
chips, ECS determined that the volume of contaminated media present should be well below
20 cubic yards and that the soil and paint chips could be cleaned-up through an LRA.
The LRA was initiated on February 15, 1995. Kestrel Drilling and Remediation
personnel, under the supervision of Kevin Sheehan, Licensed Site Professional (LSP), of ECS,
utilized a jackhammer to break up the frost in the area where the paint chips were believed
to have been buried. The paint chips were encountered at a depth of approximately 6 inches
below the ground surface between the end of an on-site driveway and a fence separating the
site from the abutting property. Soil above the chips which was not in contact with the chips,
was segregated. The paint chips were present in a distinct layer ranging from less than an
inch to several inches thick, in many places underlain by a fabric drop-cloth. This layer of
chips and soil was excavated and placed in drums. One drum was filled with soil from above
588 Silver Street •Agawam, MA 01001 • 413-789-3530 • 203-291-9229 • FAX 473-789-2776
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE SERVICES, INC.
Mr. Peter McErlain
Northampton Board of Health
March 15, 1995
Page 2
and below the chips, which was in contact with the chips layer. Five drums were filled with
a mixture of paint chips and soil. Approximately six inches of apparently unaffected soil were
removed from below the layer of paint chips. Two post excavation soil samples were
collected for analysis for total lead. Samples were also collected from each drum which was
filled for analysis for total lead and TCLP lead.
The results for the analysis of drum samples indicated that four drums of excavated
paint chips/soil mixture had TCLP lead concentrations above 5 milligrams per liter (mg/L). The
remaining drum of paint chips/soil and the drum of soil had TCLP lead concentrations below
5 mg/L. The two post excavation soil samples had concentrations of total lead of 589
milligrams per kilogram (mg/Kg) and 607 mg/Kg. The applicable Reportable Concentration for
the site, which is the remedial goal for the LRA, is 300 mg/Kg.
Based on this data, ECS recommended that additional soil removal be performed. An
additional 6 inches of soil were removed on March 2, 1995. This soil was placed into two
drums and samples were collected from the drums and from the bottom of the excavation for
analysis. The post excavation soil samples had total lead concentrations 120 mg/Kg and 784
mg/Kg, respectively. Neither of the drums had TCLP lead concentrations in excess of 5 mg/L.
Based on this data, ECS recommends additional excavation of the affected area. This work
should be completed during the week of March 13, 1995.
If you have any questions, feel free to contact this office.
Sincere y,
EN 'ONMENTAL COMPLIANCE SERVICES, INC.
Kevin C. Sheehan, P.E.
Principal • Senior Project Manager
KCS/jm
March 21, 1995
Richard M. Green, Section Chief
Bureau of Waste Site Cleanup
Department of Environmental Protection
436 Dwight Street
Springfield, MA 01103
Re: Hazardous Waste Disposal, 16 Meadow St.,
Florence, MA
Dear Mr. Green:
This letter will serve as formal notification about the disposal of toxic material (lead paint chips)
at 16 Meadow Street, Florence, MA.
In early February,the Board of Health received a report that a quantity of paint chips had been
buried on the property of the Northampton Honor Court at 16 Meadow Street.
Subsequent investigation revealed that paint chips were buried beneath six(6) inches of soil.
The chips tested positive for lead.
The Board of Health then ordered the Honor Court to hire a licensed consulting firm to oversee
sampling analysis and proper disposal of the paint chips. As is indicated in the attached letter
from Kevin C. Sheehan, of Environmental Compliance Service(ECS), on February 15, 1995
representatives of ECS initiated a Limited Response Action, utilizing jackhammers to excavate
the paint chips,which were containerized and sampled. The Toxic Characteristics Leaching
Procedure (TCLP) revealed that the paint chips had a lead level well in excess of the 5 mg/L
limit. (Levels of 589 mg/L and 607 mg/L were detected.)
Once the TCLP testing is completed, the containerized soil and/or soil and paint chips will be
disposed of in accordance with applicable regulations, under the supervision of Environmental
Compliance Services.
Please feel free to contact me at the Board of Health Office ([413] 586-6950, extension 213)
if you have any questions or require additional information about this matter.
Thank you.
Very truly yours,
Peter J. mcEdain,Agent
Northampton Board of Health
PJMcEJcdh
cc: Kevin Sheehan, ECS
BOARD OF HEALTH
IN T.JOYCE,Chairman
NE BARES, M.D.
3HAEL R. PARSONS
FER J. McERLAIN,Health Agent
March 22, 1995
William P. Nagle Jr.
152 South Main St.
Florence, MA 01060
CITY OF NORTHAMTON
MASSACHUSETTS 01060
OFFICE OF THE
BOARD OF HEALTH
Re: Possible Lead Paint/Dust Hazard
at 152 So. Main St., Florence
210 MAIN STREET
01060
(413)586-6950 Ext. )13
Dear Mr. Nagle:
As you may be aware, the Board of Health has recently been investigating a complaint concerning the
disposal of paint chips on Honor Court property at 16 Meadow Street in Florence. Initial testing revealed
that the chips contained lead which necessitated additional testing to determine if the material would be
considered toxic under state hazardous waste regulations. The subsequent tests indicated that there was
over 600 parts per million (ppm) of lead in the waste which far exceeds the 5 ppm limit and is, therefore,
toxic and needs to be disposed of as a hazardous waste material. Arrangements are being made, under
the supervision of Kevin Sheehan of Environmental Compliance Services,to have a licensed hazardous
waste firm remove and properly dispose of the paint chip waste.
The complaint alleged that the paint chips were the result of scraping and repainting work conducted by
the Honor Court crew last summer on one or more private residences. One of the the residences was
reportedly your home at 152 South Main Street, Florence.
Because the paint contained lead and because the men of the Honor Court crew were not trained to
safely remove lead paint as certified deleaders, it is possible that a lead exposure hazard resulted.
Therefore, as owner of 152 South Main St., Florence, the Board of Health must inform you that:
1. You and your family may have been exposed to excessive levels of lead in the dust
generated during the paint scraping project, and
2. There may be excessive levels of lead in the soil at the base of your house foundation
as a result of inadequate cleanup after the paint scraping project was completed.
In view of the potential lead exposure hazard described above,the Board of Health strongly
recommends that your children have blood lead tests conducted (if they have not been tested since last
August), and that the soil at the base of your house foundation be tested. Appropriate action should be
taken as the tests result might indicate.
Please do not hesitate to contact me at the Board of Health if you have any questions concerning this
matter.
Very truly 4f— AD-
Peter yours,
J. McErlain
Health Agent
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE SERVICES, INC.
May 16, 1995
File No. 12343.00
Document No. 9682
Mr. Peter McErlane
Northampton Board of Health
210 Main Street
Northamtpon, Massachusetts 01060
RE: The Honor Court
Paint Chip Project
Dear Mr. McErlane:
Environmental Compliance Services, Inc. (ECS) is pleased to present this final report
regarding the soil and paint chips removal at property occupied by the Honor Court on Middle
Street in Florence, Massachusetts.
The Limited Removal Action (LRA) has been completed at the property, as previously
reported in a letter dated April 3, 1995. All analytical data is enclosed. A total of 10 drums
of material were generated as part of the LRA. ECS recommended that the five drums of soil
and paint chips be disposed of as Hazardous Waste since samples from four of the five
exhibited TCLP lead concentrations in excess of 5 mg/Kg and the fifth sample had an elevated
concentration, slightly below the 5 mg/Kg concentration. These drums are represented by
samples P-1 to P-5. Based on the analytical data, the 5 drums of soil had TCLP lead
concentrations significantly lower than the 5 mg/Kg limit. ECS therefore recommends that
these soils be disposed of in a lined landfill. These drums of soil are represented by samples
S-3, SOIL4, SOILS, SOILDR#6 and SOILDR#7. It is our understanding that this soil should
be acceptable for disposal at the Northampton Landfill. The soils will be transported to the
landfill by Honor Court personnel once accepted. Following disposition of this material, there
is no further action necessary with regard to this issue.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact this office.
KCS/jm
Enclosure
cc: Mr. Patrick Donahue, The Honor Court
S rely,
E IRONMy,T'j 0' P ANCE SERVICES, INC.
even . She"r"", P.E.
rincipal • Senior Project Manager
588 Silver Street •Agawam. MA 01001 • 413-789-3530 • 203.291-9229 • FAX 413-789-2776
ECS, Inc.
588 Silver Street
Agawam, MA 01001
Attn: Kevin Sheehan
Client Project No.:
SPECIRIN ANALYTICAL.INC.
Massachusetts Certification M-MA 138
Connecticut Approval # PH 0977
Rhode Island#98&Maine#via
New Hampshire ID#253893
New York ID#11393
March 27, 1995
Location: Northampton, MA
T.alp TT) No Client IT)
AA27896 S-3
AA27897 P-1
AA27898 P-2
AA27899 P-3
AA2 7900 P-9
AA2 7901 P-5
AA2 7902 BOTTOM-1
AA2 7903 BOTTOM-2
Analysis Requested
TCLP Lead
TCLP Lead
TCLP Lead
TCLP Lead
TCLP Lead
TCLP Lead
TCLP Lead
Total Lead
Total Lead
TCLP Lead
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSES
588 Silver Street • Agawam,Nlassachusetts 01001 •413-789-9018 *FAX 413-789-4076
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL, INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Client ID: S•3
Lab ID No: AA27896
Matrix: Soil
Collected: 02/15/95 by K.S./ECS
Received on 02/15/95 by LD
QC and Data Review by HT
Location: Northampton,MA
Client Job No.:
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass Soil Jar
Condition of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered by: Client
arameter
LP Lead
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 • SW6010
Result (mg/L) MDL
0.764
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
0.03 0223/95 02/24/95 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL, INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses )
Client ID: P-1
Lab ID No AA27897
Matrix: Soil
Collected: 02/15/95 by K.S./ECS
Received on 02/15/95 by LD
QC and Data Review by HT
Location: Northampton,MA
Client Job No.:
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass Soil Jar
Condition of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered by: Client
'ammeter
;LP Lead
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 - SW6010
Result (mg/L)
9.29
MDL
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
0.03 02/23/95 02/24/95 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL, INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Client ID: P-2
Lab ID No: AA27898
Matrix. Soil
Collected: 02/15/95 by K.S./ECS
Received on 02/15/95 by LD
QC and Data Review by HT
Location: Northampton,MA
Client Job No.:
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass Soil Jar
Condition of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered by: Client
arameter
LP Lead
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 - SW6010
Result (mg/L) MDL
17.6
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
0.03 02/23/95 02/24/95 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL, INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses )
Client ID: P-3
Lab ID No: AA27899
Matrix: Soil
Collected: 02/15/95 by K.S./ECS
Received on 02/15/95 by LD
QC and Data Review by HT
Location: Northampton,MA
Client Job No.:
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass Soil Jar
Condition of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered by: Client
irameter
2 Lead
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 - SW6010
Result (mg/L)
17.7
MDL
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
0.03 0223/95 0224/95 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL, INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Client ID: P-4
Lab ID No: AA27900
Matrix: Soil
Collected: 02/15/95 by KS./ECS
Received on 02/15/95 by LD
QC and Data Review by HT
Location: Northampton, MA
Client Job No.:
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass Soil Jar
Condition of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered by Client
arameter
LP Lead
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 - SW6010
Result (mg/L)
14.7
MDL
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
0.03 02/23/95 0224/95 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL, INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Client ID: P-5
Lab ID No: AA27901
Matrix: Soil
Collected: 02/15/95 by K.S./ECS
Q o yYC
Received D tRevew by
Location: Northampton,MA
Client Job No.:
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass Soil Jar
Condition of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered by Client
rameter
2 Lead
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 - SW6010
Result (mg/L)
3.32
MDL
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
0.03 0223/95 02/23/95 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL, INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Location: Northampton,MA
Client Job No.:
Client ID: BOTTOM-1
Lab ID No: AA27902
Matrix: Soil
Collected: 02/15/95 byy }CSJECS
Received
C andD to Review by"HD
.ameter
P Lead
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass Soil Jar
Condition of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered by: Client
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 - SW6010
Result (mg/L)
0.244
MDL
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
0.03 02/23/95 02/24/95 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL, INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Client ID: BOTTOM-2
Lab ID No: AA27903
Matrix: Soil /
Collected:
eceived on02/15/95 by LD
QC and Data Review by HT
neter
Lead
Location: Northampton,MA
Client Job No.:
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass Soil Jar
Condition of Sample as Received Satisfactory
Delivered by: Client
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 - SW6010
Result (mg/L) MDL
0.416 0.03
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
02/23/95 0224/95 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL, INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Client ID: BOTTOM-1
Lab ID No: AA27902
Matrix: Soil
Collected: 02/15/95 by K.S./ECS
QC
Received D to Data Review by HTD
'meter
Lead
Location: Northampton,MA
Client Job No.:
Preseryative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass Soil Jar
Condition rod of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered
Total Lead/EPA Method 6010/200.7
Result (mg/Kg) MDL
589
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
2.0
0224/95 0224/95 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL, INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Client ID: BOTTOM-2
Lab ID No: AA27903
Matrix: Soil by CS
Received on 02/15/95 by LD
QC and Data Review by HT
meter
Lead
Location: Northampton,MA
Client Job No.:
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass ass Soil Jar
Condition of Sample s Rceived: Satisfactory
Delivered
Total Lead/EPAMethod 6010/200.7
Result (mg/Kg) MDL
607
2.0
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
02/24/95 0224/95 SW
Spectrum Analytical,Inc.
Laboratory Report Supplement
Rf
for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water. EPA-600/4-88/039.EMSL 1988.
Cor Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes.EPA 600/4-79-020. EMSL 1983.
s for Organic Chemical Analysis of Municipal and Industrial Methods. EPA Wastewater. EPA 600/4-82-057. EMSL 1982.
:thods for Evaluating Solid Waste. PhysicallGnetm
:d Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastes.APHA-AWWA-WPCF. 16th EAdEdition. 1 3328.8 . 98?.
rd Methods for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by Gas Chromatography.
11 Identification System.U.S. Coast Guard CG-D-52-77. 1977.
took for Analytical Quality Control in Water and Wastewater Laboratories. EPA 600/4-79-019.EMSL 1979.
;ing Cost-Effective QA/QC(Quality Assurance/Quality Control)Frograms for Chemical Analyses. EPA
85/056.EMSL 1985.
Not Detected,
Not Det, ND or rid
NC
VOA
BF?.
p-DFB
CLB-d5
BCP
TFT
Decachlorobiphenyl
Report Notations
The compound was not detected at a concentration
the established method detection
equal Co or above
limit.
Not Calculated
Volatile Organic Analysis
e-Bromofluombenzeae (en EPA 629 Surrogate)
= 1,9-Dill uorobenzene (an EPA 624 Surrogate)
Chlorobenzene-d5 (an EPA 629 Surrogate)
2-Bromo-l-chloropropane (an EPA 601 Surrogate)
a,a-Trifluorotoluene (an EPA 602 Surrogate)
_ (An EPA 608/8080 Surrogate)
atrithraffS
rrogate Recovery = The recovery(expressed as a percent)of a non method analyte(see surrogates listed above)
ded to the sample for the purpose of monitoring system performance.
atrix Spike Recovery = recovery(expressed as a percent)of method analytes added to the sample for the
rrpose of determining any effect of sample composition on analyte recovery.
aboratory Replicate = Two sample aliquots taken in the
a measure labor laboratory
associated war laboratory
with
thry
rote lentical u es, ut not procedures. Analyses sample collctamrpaspryation or storage procedures.
rocedures,but no[with sample collation,p
-7ield Duplicate = Two separate samples collected at the same time and place
c of Field dupical ci cums ances and
of the
sample collection,preservation and storage,as well as with laboratory procedures.
reated exactly the same throughout field and laboratory procedures.
precision associated with camp
P
The recision measurement obtained on duplicatdreplrcate analyses.
Relative Percent Difference (%RPD)=
%RPD is calculated as:
%RPD=tyabled_n-83lne2L. 100%
ave.value
, ,
RECORD
E(N 45 1818)Slyer Street St rx9 e t '•P Agawam.
gawa4 01001
2 TIN16 G � 'o o d 0000 oo y0
o
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d as
J " n N a a■ S o 2 :0- � a
•Sample I.D, / Location ®_— d $ample O N 0o n¢ e c y m
o E $ u e O • a
Date En Matrix Type _ - 05P- a n'
��...�..■�. .. p.
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- ......t........�...°
�.••..�"■■..■■■■■..... ara ■
=__ ... HANDLING
Date eY:
Ir
---- -- �.� t a Received 8Y .��'I� • A:01:9
,���� r °TIER:
Relinquished��
CIMMININSIONNIMMSIONSISI
REMARKS: ?(92,..4e, rciri-tv` 5u""QLf-t
SPECTRUM AN(CALM
Massachusetts Certification M-MA 138
Connecticut Approval # PH 0777
Rhode Island#98&Maine#da
New Hampshire ID#253893
New York ID#11393 March 27, 1995
ECS, Inc.
588 Silver Street
Agawam, MA 01001
Attn: K. Sheehan
Client Project No: 12343
aa.b ID N Okat-W-
TCLP Lead
pp28430
5-1 Total Lead
TCLP Lead
AA28431
5-2 Total Lead
Total Lead
AA28432
SOZL9 TCLP Lead
AA28433 SO
Total Lead
TCLP Lead
Location: Honor Court
A 1 Re_ =
T&yeh
General Manager
ENVIRONME S
588 Silver Street• Agawam,Massachusetts 01001 •413-759-9018 •FAX 413-789-1076
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL,INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Location: Honor Court
Client Job No.: 12343
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass Soil Jar
of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered
lent ID: S-1
ab ID No: AA28430
;atria: Soil
ollected: 03/02195 by B.DOUGLAS/ECS
eceiyed on 03/02/95 LD
2C and Data Renew by HT
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 -SW6010
Result (mg/L) MDL
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
:Cr
0.03
03107195 03107195 SMI
0.259
ad
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL,INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Location: Honor Court
Client Job No.: 12343
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass Soil Jar
of Sa Sample as Received: Satisfactory
D
ent ID: S-2
b ID No: AA2 g431
mix: Soil B.DOUGIASIECS
dlected: 03102/95
^Ceand Data 03/02/95
eview byyHT
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 - SW6010
Result (mg/L)
MDL
0.106
0.03
Extracted
03107195
Analyzed Analyst
03107/95 SYfI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL,INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Location: Honor Court
Client Job No.: 12343
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container 1 Glass Soil Jar
Condition
eered nd of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
ent ID: S01 5
b ID No: AA28433
urix: Soil
Alerted: 03102195 by B.DGUGLASlECS
C and Data Review by by LD
HT
er
id
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 •SW6010
Result (mg/L) MDL
0.607
0.03
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
03107195 03107195 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL,INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Client Job No.: Court
1343
Container e' 1.Glas Soil Jar
Condition of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered by: Client
tID: S-1
D No: AA2$430
x: Soil B.DOUGIASIE
cted: 03102195 O
wed on 03102195 LD
.nd Data Review by HT
Total Lead/EPA Method 6010/200.7
Result(mfg) MDL
1.70
784
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
03109195
03109/95 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL,INC.
tatted
Analyses)
Laboratory Report(Subcont
Location: Honor Court
Client Job No.: 1 343
Preservative: Refrigeration t
Container : 1 Glass
Condition of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered by Client
ID: S-2
I No: 028431
Soil by B.DOUGLASII;CS
ed: 03102195
ed on 03102/95 by LD
dData Review by HT
Total Lead1EPA Method 60101200.1
Result(mpg)
MDL
164
120
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
03(09195 03109195 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL,INC.
ratted
Analyses)
Laboratory Report(Subcont
N SOMA
Client Job No.: 3A3rt
No: AA28432
Container : Refrigeration Soil Jar Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered by: Client
Soil by B.DOUGLASlECS
;d; 03102195
•d on0310N/9w bbyHT
l Data R
Total LeadIEPA Method 60101200.7
Result (rngfKg) MDL
1.90
381
Extracted Analysed Analyst
03!09195 03/09/95 SMI
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL,INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontr acted
LD: SOUS
■No: AA28433
Soil b
ed: 03102195 by g,DOUGLASlECS
ed on 03/02/95 by LD
dData Review by HT
Analyses
Location: Honor Client Job No.: 12343 t
Preservative: Ref s ra i Jan
Container Glass as Received: Satisfactory
Condition of Sample
Delivered by:
Total Lead1EPAMethod 6010/2009
Result (mgIKg) MDL
1.70
818
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
03109195
03109195 SMI
Analytical,Inc.
Laboratory Report port SupplemeIIt
:termination of Organic Compounds iiThinking Water. EPA-600/4-88/079.EMSL 1988.
Water and Wastes.EPA 60014-79-020. EMSL 1987. EMSL 1982.
deal Analysis of Industrial Wastewater. EPA 600/4-S2-057. E:
nic Chemical Analysis of MunicipaC and In
Evaluating Solid Waste. Physical/Chemical Methods. EPA SW-846. 1986.
ds for the Examination of Water and Wastes AY HA A A.WPCF 16th Edition. 1985.
i
e Petroleum Oils by Gas Chromatography. ASTM D 3328. 1982.
ds for Comparison of Waterborne
icadon System.U.S.Coast Guard CG-D-52-77.1977.
Quality Control in Water and Wastewater Laboratories. EPA 600/449-019. EPA 1919.EMSL
Analytical Q alit}Control)Programs for ChemrcaC Analyses.
t-ECfecty9e QA/QC(Quality Assurance/Q°
EMSL 1985.
9-1-1- n
RetzO� detected a a concentration compound was not method
ion
_ The l to the established me
Not Detected, - :goal to or above
,t Dot, ND or nd limit.
Not Calculated Analysis Surrogate)
NC = Volatile Organic (an EPA 624 0-.<)
VOA (an EPA 624 Surrogate.)
BBB = g_Eromoflorobe zene (an EPA 624 Surrogate)
_ lhlor0benzene-d5 e Surrogate)
o-DFg 2_Bro benrene-d5 ne (an EPA 601 Surrogate)
CLB-d5 1-chlootoluez !en EPA 602
z a z-Trio uorotol u
TFT (An EPA 608/8080 Surrogate)
Decach)0robiphenyl - Fi i
percent)oC a non method analyze(see surrosates listed above)
eK ressed as a p performance.The recovery(expressed
system plc for the
ere Recovery - ur ose of m tzs added to the sample 0 the Semple for the P P percent)of method anal}•
= The recovery(expressed as a p al te recovery.
]e composition on an Y and analyzed separately. with
Spike Recovery effect of sample e of determining any analytical laboratory.
sample aliquots taken in the a measure of the precision associated with laboratory
Replicate Analyses Two same duplicates ores.
:atory plc c ab collection, reservation,or storage procedures.
cal procedures.with le co➢atim,P circumstances
give a measure of the
but not with O sample a time and place under identcalci C instances and
dares, samples collected at the sam of Field duplicates procedures.
= Two separate same procedures.Analysis
i Duplicate preservation and storage,as well as With laboratory
cd exactly the same throughout field and p duplicate/replicate analyses.
Latin associated with sample collection,p
lative Percent Difference (°/RPD)=The precision measurement obtained on
t • 100%
LPD is calculated as: %APD=Lvalaedrialne
ave.
CHAIN OF GUSTO
588 Silver Street
Agawam, MA 01001
Y RECORD
Tel. (413) 789-9018
FAX (413)789-4076
� - CON ORGANIOS oso�ueuE a
` � . o OTO w
& MATRIX CODES: OTHER o— 1 1 000 c� v J o
SEDISAENI OTHER cau
000 —0
3r-442504 4=1-1NO
0 0 0
0
G GRAB
I
a �� 11111un�
v
insw ,nsanaon
1Ov°a
oniii�� ii
'
RELINQUISHED BY i EC.IVED BY: rammoDATE
: R� � 1111111111.111
AL INSTRUCTIONS:
SPECIAL
0 STANDARD
0 7 BUS. DAYS
RUSH 24 HOURS
DATE RESULTS NEEDED:
SPEC T AV C.
Massachusetts Certification M-MA 138
Connecticut Approval #PH OTT
Echo c Island#98& 253893
New'New York 41
Ncw York ID#11393
April 3, 1995
Inc.
Silver MA 01001
twain,
n: Kevin Sheehan
,nt Project No.: 12343
in No S��IL
S-2
pp29070
S-2A
pA29071
SOILDR#6
AA29072
SOILDRe7
AA29073
Location: Honor Court
Annitsis-Z-eaue-atesi
Total Lead
Total Lead
TOLE Lead
TOLE Lead
anbal T
G\ral Manager
EAVIRp\'b1ENTaLANALYSES-9015
FAX 413-794076
5SS Silver Street' Aomcum,)Massachusetts 01001 •
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL'INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Location: Honer Court
No.:Client Job o.
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container : 1 Glass Soil Jar,
Condition of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered by: Client
ID: S-2�
)No: AA29010
Soil by 13.DOUGLAS
ed: 03115195
d Data Review by HT
Total Lead[EYA Method 60101200.7
Result(mg1Kg) MDL
1.63
17.9
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
0320195
0320/95 SM
LID: S-2A
No: AA29071 elation
Preservative:Coei : 1Refass Soil Jar.
Condition : I Sample GbSS Soil Satisfactory
Soil b B.DOUGLAS Condition by: Client
ed: ta11evie
•d on 03/15/95 LD
jData Review by HT
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Location:
Client Job No.: Court
on 343
i
Total Lead/EPAMethod 6010/200.7
Result (nag/Kg)
MDL
1.54
18.5
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
0320195
03120195 SM
SPECTRUM ANALYTICAL,INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontracted Analyses)
Location: Honor Court
Client Job No.: 1 343
p. SOILDR#6
No: AA29072 Refrigeration
Preservative: 1 Soil
Container is oRecerved: Satis4actory
doil g_DOUGI-AS Condition of Sampent Jar
d:Data R Review 5 by Delivered W.
d on 03115195 bY�
,Dt Rv by
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 •SW6010
Result (tng/L) MDL
0.01
0.085
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
03115/95 03/16/95 SM
SPECTRUM AVA,vTICAL, INC.
Laboratory Report(Subcontr acted
O; SOILDR#7
No: AA39073
Soil by B.DOUGV'-S
,d; 03115195
d on 0311ew by H°
Data
Analyses
Location: Honor Court
Client Job NO.:o.: 12343
Preservative: Refrigeration
Container 1 Glass 5oa1 Jar
Condition of Sample as Received: Satisfactory
Delivered by Client
TCLP Lead/EPA 1311 -SW 6010
Result (utga')
0.055
MDL
0.01
Extracted Analyzed Analyst
03115195 03/16/95 SM
Spectrum Analytical,Inc.Laboratory Repot Supplement
fern ce
:termination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water. EPA-60014-88/039.EMSL 1988.
ilea]Analysts Water and
c A
Wastes.EPA 60014-79-020. EMSL 1981 EMSL 1982.
nic Chemical Analysis of Municipal and Industrial Wastewa[e:. EPA 600/4-82-057. -
Evaluating Solid Waste. Physical/Chemical Methods. EPA SW-846. 1986.
ds for the Examination of
Wastes APHA-AV /A-WPCF. 16th Edition. 1985.
Water and
Wastes. D 3323. 1982.
ds for Comparison of Waterborne Petroleum Oils by Gas Chromatography.
ication S, 52-77.1917.
60014-i9-019.EMSL 1979.
System. Coast Guard CG-D-
Analytical Quality Control in Water and Wastewater Laboratories. EPA 019 E EPA
t-Effective QA/QC(Quality AssuranrIQualitY Control)Programs for Chemical A°
EMSL 1985. of
Reporl
Not Detected,
was not detected at concentration
oncon ire ti on
The d
al t000rabove the established
method detection
t Det, ND or rid limit.
NC ° Not Calculated enic Analysis
Volatile (an E,= 624 Surrogate)
VO?. = (an EPA 624 Surrogate)
o,4_Diziuorob mane an PA 624 Surrogate)(an EPA B`3 _ lh1Or0benzeneenze^e
p-ors - ape (an EPA 601 Surrogate)
Chlorobenrene'd5orop
CLB-d5 2_a,a_T 1f1U0 0t n EPA 602 Surrogate)
BCt' a,a z-Trifl vozo[0l uene le'
TFT _ (An EPA 608/8080 Surrogate)
Decach10r06iphenyl
126111111Qna
The recovery(expressed as a percent)of a non method analyte(see surrogates listed shove)
le for the purpose of monitoring system performance.
to Recovery =
i the same percent)of method analctes added to the sample for the
er�ressed as a p to recovery.
The recovery ( r composition on analyte separately with
Spike Recovery -effect of sample comp
e of determining any analytical laboratory and analyzed
sample aliquots taken in the a measure of the Precision associated with laboratory
al pr Replicate = Two of duplicates @
of oI3 i laboratory reservation,or storage procedures.
:a]procedures. Analyses le collection P
lures,but not with o sap same time and place under identical aes give a drcumstances and of the
samples and t0 therein of Field duplicates
= Two separate same procedures.Analysis
.Duplicate bout field and laboratory p e as well as with laboratory P
x1 exactly the same throng preservation and storage,sample collection,P ]duplicate/replicate analyses.
start associated with ramp
alive Percent Difference(A RFD)
The precision measurement obtained on dup'
91' 100%
PD is calculated as: aioRPD=�4
ave.value
Y RECORD
CHAIN OF CUSTOD FAX (413) 7894018
588 Silver Street
Agawam, MA 01001
NVOICE TO e G S
' s
[ a 3y3
I,
NCR
SC MATRIX COD ES: � oo p
3=H2504 4=HNO3 5= OTHER 40 z ° N
w > i o r l r
o m pI p m
G = GRAB j m o p m
o
= OTHER W W a �l
= SLUDGE 5 x a
4 = SEDIMENT _� 4 g IIp Ip Ip plp
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TIME sisomminlinSMION° o
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1011110111011r 00.011
arlarain
Wellaillinlinalla
angardarsellraillinalla
�eass■■ n■p■■■■o■e■
S
�, DATE
(SHED BY �__����
SPECIAL HANDLING
p STANDARD
o 7 BUS.24
DATE)CRUSH 2
DATE RESULTS NEEDED'.
t,;°: u
otcir � o
ID
RELINO
+L INSTRUCTIONS:
sWestern MassCOSH
Western Massachusetts
458 BRIDGE S IELD for Occupational Safety
STREET • SPRINGFIELD,
PHILIP KORMAN MA 01103
Co-Director
•
(413) 731-0760
Understandin FRANCESCA
g Your Blood a Test Co-Dire
Danger: Must be tested again
within 2 weeks. If second test if
at or above 50 mcg/di, you must
be medically removed from the 5 +
job and tested once a month
until you are down to a level of
40 mcg/dl.
What is your lead Lea
hazard rating?
Extreme Caution: Must be
tested at least every 2 months
until two consecutive tests come
back below 40 meg dl.
Caution: You should review
any possible health problems
you may be having and
compare them to effects on the
back of this chart.
You may want to see your
doctor.
Alert: If your blood lead levels
have risen, you should review
what is going on at the work
site. Is the contractor
complying with the OSHA
Lead Standard?
Background Levels: Will vary
depending on your past
exposure and where you live.
40 -50
25 -39
10 -24
0 - 10
0 S,
measure lead in the blood are ironu
measured in deciliters (dl), and lead
its that are used to you how many
sure system. Blood is The BLL tells y
micrograms (>sg)• dl)•
rams of lead are in each deciliter of blood (n/
tart below indicates the blood lead levels at which may
of lead. Be aware that each aV lead individual
you
rinse the ill effects
ly t olead exposure. You may children are
rids differently In general,
blood and not have any sYmpto�'adults.
bed at lower blood lead levels than
LOOD LEAD LEVELS AND HEALTH EFFECTS
xi Lead (tg)dh Possible Health Etloots In harm effects on
Increase in blood pressure',
15 - fetus.
Health effects listed above and slower reflexes,
25 male reproductive problems.
Health effects listed above and kidney damage.
40 and nerve disorders',
Health effects listed above`mach pain;
50 decreased red blood cells', -
constipation',
loss of appetite.
All health effects listed above and eadeac es;and
60 memory and concentration problems;
mood changes.
All health effect=_ listed above and severe brain
damage e (encephaloPathyl.
tildren are more sensitive and are likely to experience effects at lower
`els.
Department of Health e e Services Safety with funds
This factspeet was adapted from a setts handout of the of Industrial Accidents,
provided by the Massachusetts Department
How Did We
What Is Lead?
Lead is a metal. It is mined from the earth
and is found in the same ore as silver.
Why Has Lead Been Used?
The characteristics of lead which have
made it useful are:
- It prevents corrosion and will not crack
easily with wear, weather or temperature
change.
- It is a soft metal that melts at a low
temperature (620°F), which makes it
y to form, but it still has a lot of
mechanical strength.
- It can block dangerous gamma radiation
(like x-rays).
- It can kill mold and mildew.
How Long Has Lead Been Used?
Ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians
and Hebrews, all used lead as sinkers for
fishing nets, as a solder (because of its low
melting point) in cosmetics and in building
materials. The Romans also began the use
of lead poi-
soning from pipes in plumbing. The lead poi-
to sweeten o wihe might addition of lead acetate
factor in the decline of the been one
Roman Empire.
et In This Mess?
Howls Lead Used Today?
Lead and its compounds are use
many products. It is a major inl
—industrial paints
—solder
—plumbing fixtures
—pottery glazes
—storage batteries
—glass
—fishing sinkers
— bullets
Ins a past, organic lead was added
as an anti-knock agent.
In paints, lead compounds have bees
as pigments (or colors). They provic
coating that will not crack with weal
with changes in temperature when a7
to base metals. While it is now illegal
use lead paint on houses and other re:
dences, ]le a such paint is still applied to in
as bridges. Workers ar,
communities will be exposed to lead o
these structures and older houses for y■
to come.
Percentage of Housing Units
With Lead Paint
Built pre-1940 99% of units
Built 1940-1959 70% of units
Built 1959-1974 20% of units
2
Health Effects Of Lead
Do Construction Workers Have Health Problems
Because
was started in Baltimore,imore,
In 19ver when blood a lead abatement of program
them 6.8 blood 117. levels evdl)fAs a re ult,almost ltimore expanded its pmg
measures r s to protect tot workers both cutting down on the dry
measures tnpand using i betterr respirators.
of lead paint and.using
workers rk March 1988, lead poisoning was diagnosed in bridge demolition
ynworkers: Massachusetts. dl (micrograms per deciliter).
workers in Western d 160 �e five workers had CO bdoxhe body
Four f them required 5d µgo
' ht.
Four of ving cad. Th bridge paint a medical procedure
in removing lead. The bridge paint contained 30;respirator by There
The workers did not receive any training on resp
were no clean work clothes provided or areas for washing
n or eating. The company was cited by OSHA.
ma O 199°
In 1991,in Kentucky, after one month of abrasive blasting and
Painters: of a bridge, two workers out of 12 had blood lead levels repainting h respirators were worn, t e eiwas and
acceptable toµe�resBean though
respirator program.In addition,
clean coveralls were not available at the site.
If A Surface Has Lead-Based Paint?
HOW DO I Know there is a good
on a bridge, or in a house that twas built ilt before 97, methods
the is a good
of the
chance
If you ath working hod expensive
e the i s here i it ad.The h with lead-based a a chemical solution-base paint. Analyzer,a
surface if if there there is lead. second method uses an which A c change
paint chip to a
surface if there is lead present.only used in residences.It can read the amount of lead in the
instrument that is usually
rant int chip
any
t
paint for nalysng a small n should know if a surface has lead-based paint
lab for analysis. Youremployer
work begins on the project.
yealth Administration,
produced under Scot numbery r132DT7e view the policies Occupational Safety went Adminis nor does
necessarily reflect the mews or policies o(the U.iSU U.S.Government.
This material was p products,or organizations imply endorsement by
mentti'onpo(trade names, commercial not y
•
:aders:
What Are Th H
What is Lead Poisoning?
Your body has no use for lead. Scientists
have found over the years that there are
health problems even at levels previously
thought of as safe:Over the last 20 years,
the federal government has lowered the
level of lead in the bloodstream considered
to be hazardous to the body (see below).
Guidelines for Hazardous Blood
Lead Levels In Adults
(Recommended by NIOSH)
Micrograms per deciliter
(pg/dl)
1973 1990
2000
[See p. 6 for how lead is measured in the
body.]
Since lead builds up in the body, a person
can have elevated levels from exposure to
small amounts of lead over time You do
not need to be exposed to large doses of
lead to be poisoned.
The good news about lead poisoning is
that it is totally preventable. By stopping
exposure to lead, many of the health
problems are reversible. (See Factpack on
"Controlling for Lead.")
e azards Of Lead?
How Does Lead Get Into The E
Most of the lead used today is it
lead and it enters the body throu
—breathing (inhalation)
—swallowing(ingestion)
Lead dust or particles cannot go t
the skin if the skin is unbroken.
other hand, organic lead, such as
of lead used in leaded gasoline cal
through the skin.)
For workers, inhalation (breathing,
main route of entry into the body.
However, lead dust can be ingested
(swallowed) if it is on your hands a,
smoke a cigarette or eat before was!
your hands.
What Happens to Lead in the Body?
Lead is hazardous when it gets into th
bloodstream, where it is moved aroun
the body and can cause damage. In
general, more lead is absorbed into the
bloodstream when it is inhaled than w.
it is ingested. However, for children,
pregnant women, and persons who are
fasting or have diets lacking in iron or
calcium, lead can also be easily absorbe
through ingestion.
Because lead is most easily absorbed int<
the bloodstream when it is inhaled,jobs
that involve burning or cutting through
lead paint may be more dangerous.
As a result,there are about 42 million guidelines
housing units that exceed federal
'as I[Discovered That Lead Could for lead in residential paint.
�nous? Besides the lead paint in their homes,
poisoning Besides the lead
get paint in their e lead when ned it's
t account thof e Greeks ks 2,000 000 years
;aired by the Creensd in the dust and`svoil.I an addition, a can all
f�+ drinking and cosmetics
Children can
al Franklin had been expose in that be sources of lead poisoning. dn are
:into s.tS Some of symptoms exposed to lead also be exposed to lead if their parents
al in Paris had been expo patients exposed to lead on their jobs and bring the
M jobs. Some of these p ring and
:d in trades such as p lead home that their clothes. li n now
estimated that at least 3 million children
Bing•
115>the lead in paint was also linked have elevated levels of lead in their blood.
problems of workers and Wiry Wasn't the Use of Lead Causernt
productive p showed that the Banned If 't hes Known es of families. A study with lead paint Banned I for Workers and Children?
ea higher h painters rat working
a hig reductive hazards, According to one expert, until the 1940's,
her rate of stillbirths and miscar- "ignored or
des. For more on rep paint manufacturers either inking lead paint
PP. 7-S)
hat About Children?
e
espite action by other countries
n het
920's and 1930's,the U.S. gove
Lid not limit the use of lead in interior
,aint until 1970.
suppressed informat wit
to childhood poisonings. Researchers also ers wd
close ties to the lead industry
down the asbestos, of lead have been brought
with at pains, workers,
against paint manufacturers by
families with affected children and even
city governments.
3
Can I Be Poisoned By Lead Without
Knowing It?
Yes! You may be able to work with many
of these symptoms and not know they are
caused by the lead in your body. But they
are
rera sign that more serious, permanent
damage or may be happening to your nervous
body organs.
Is There A Medical Procedure For
Removing Lead From the Body?
Yes, but it is painful and may have side-
effects. For this reason a stay in the hospi-
tal is usually required. That is why the first
step for workers who are lead-poisoned is
to remove them from the work that is
exposing them to lead.
The medical therapy to remove lead from
the body is called chelation. Chelation
drugs latch onto the lead in the body and
carry it out of the body as it is excreted by
the kidneys. It should always be done
type of care of a doctor experienced in
this procedure,
occupational Prysecably an
chelation is medicine physician. While
a useful tool to help the body
eliminate some of the excess lead, it does
not protect or repair damaged tissues.
Chelation treatment should
never be used as a way to
prevent lead poisoning!
Howls Lead Measured In The
A blood test can measure the ar
lead circulating in the body. Blt
drawn from your arm into a tub
to a lab to be rested. It gives an
estimate of the level of your rece
sure to lead. It will not tell you t
amount of lead in your body or t
term damage, if any, that has occ
The units that are used to measur
the blood are from the metric syst
Blood is measured in deciliters (dl,
lead is measured in micrograms (p
Health Effect
Blood]
(Pgid.
Severe brain damage
(encepha!opathy)
Headaches;memory&
concentration problems;
sleep and mood changes
Anemia
Stomach pain; diarrhea;
constipation,loss of
appetite
Nerve disorders;
decreased red blood cells
Male
kidney problems;
damage
Slower reflexes
Harmful effects on fetus;
Increase in blood pressure
(white males)
(Be aware that each individual responds
differently to lead exposure. The above chart
indicates the blood lead levels at which
experience the various ill effects Ynu may
general, the effects of lead children read. In
more serious.) on children are even
10i
60-71
60
50-70
SO
40
30
10-1S
ig Does Lead Stay in the Body? Lead Can Stored and Cause Damage
be i build up in the body over time and Where
Ice months or years to get rid of it.
ad absorbed in the body is stored in
es and teeth,but it can also remain
oft tissue for awhile. Lead in the
organs will take about 40 days
to be excreted.In bones and teeth
last decades.
that is stored in the bones can leave
nter the bloodstream and then ame damage
rgans or the blood's process ability to make up
flood cells. (This
1g pregnancy,breast feeding gf the bones
oporosis—the weakening
ld age.)This means you can continue inue to
lamed by the lead in your body
a your actual exposure to lead stops,
n though the level of lead in your body
it decrease over time.
ow Does Lead Poisoning Affect Workers?
ead can affect your health in a number of
rays.These include
th short rm(ac(acute)
or loctm
(chronic)
st of f acute and chronic health effects.
Mas>["" Res&> yn1991
Laal Abatement Manual.0 1991
Health Effects of Adult Lead Poisoning term)
Chronic (Long
Some effects blood ood pre blare,
such as high
but lead can cause
permanent damage to:
—nervous system
—kidneys system
--reproductive sy
Acute (Short-term)
—stomach cramps (colic)
--irritability
— fatigue
—depression
—headaches
—loss of appetite
—hard to concentrate
—sleep problems
—pains in muscles at joints
— reproductive problems
5
Lead And Reproductive Health
Reproductive Problems For Both Women and Men
Whenever there is a problem with a couple's fertility •
ally, the focus has been on women. This means that we usually know
how chemicals can affect the reproductive systems of women en than mw a lot more ab,
men.cWithelead aI
ever, we know that it can affect the reproductive systems of both women and men.
Possible Reproductive Health Effects of Lead
Women
—Decreased fertility
—Miscarriages
—Premature births
— Stillbirths
—Learning and behavioral
problems in offspring
For women, some studies found that
pregnant women with levels of lead in the
blood of the umbilical cord, of as low as
10-15 µg/dl, had children who suffer from
learning and behavioral problems later in
life. This is because lead in the pregnant
mother's blood passes into the blood of the
fetus and may affect the brain development
of the fetus.
Men
—Decreased fertility
—Miscarriages for partners
—Birth defects in offspring
— Problems having an erection
—Decreased sex drive
For men, because we are just starting tc
more research on their reproductive prc
lems, we do not know if they occur at tl
same low lead levels found for women.
One recent study sµggested that there
might be subtle hormonal changes in the
male reproductive system at low exposui
levels of lead. What we do know is that
men's reproductive health problems can
occur above 40-S0 µg/dl (micrograms/
deciliter).
Mass-COSH Womcn i(Cumming
On Job,,On Heath,0 1933
:tits
Lazard of lead for people who want to lead stays in the
parents tia
for a long meand can continue to
have
:t their health and ability to person needs
thy children.Whenever a p
ium,it is drawn out of the bone. Ao
;rant woman's stored lead may be
wn out of her bones because she needs
:ium to build the fetal skeleton.
lcium is also needed for a mother to
)duce breast milk.
'orkers who plan to hav 'children ris need
be informed of the rep ks.
his will help them decide whether
if to stake
ooh involving long.Whether pyou are male or
er how long•
emale,if you are planning a pregnancy,you should inform your doctor abo ut your
exposure to lead on the job (or elsewhere).
What Are Fetal Protection Policies?
Fetal protection policies are company
policies that forbid fertile s o edly to
working in certain jobs pp
policies were
declared the fetus.y These
Supreme Court in
declared stleg
1991.Justice Blackmun stated that r jobs
"...women as capable of doing not be
as their male counterparts a child
forced
joo ."between e having
evidence
and havivi ng g
that lead oductive harmful e wells on the
male rep
This was a great victory for working
people,but it does not get rid of the lead
hazard. Employers need to prevent lead
hazards by cleaning up workplaces and
keeping exposures to lead and other sub-
stances as low as possible.This will pro-
tect working women and men and their
offspring.
Young Couple Gets Lead-Poisoned
1980's, a young couple decided to delead their used were use.The work
In the early in and the only protection they
was done ea dry ace ma g s and was tired all the time.Both were re
lead-poisoned and had blood lead levels over 85µg/d1• Because of his symptoms,
Soon thereafter,the man had stomach cramps
found out that she was in her first trimester
were s er of prep
needed and be aselaon medical h they
exposure le both parents,
preg-
nancy, and based on mcehtion. Becausesof the high the doctor the recommended of endedp therapeutic abortion,which was done.Test results of
the doctor recommended a
the fetal tissue Showed high levels of lead.
Western MossCOSH
458 Bridge Street
Springfield, MA 01103
V31- 0760