Soil Description 1981 LOCATION CHARLTON
Established Series
Rev. RAS-EHS
4/87
CHARLTON SERIES
C IARLTON SERIES:
CkB CmC CnB
CT+MA NH NY RI CkC CmD CnD
CnE
The Charlton series consists of very deep, well drained loamy soils
formed in friable or firm glacial till on uplands. They are nearly
level to very steep soils on till plains and hills. Permeability is
moderate or moderately rapid in the surface layer, subsoil, and
substratum. Mean annual temperature is 50 degrees F. , and mean annual
precipitation is 47 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Dystrochrepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Charlton fine sandy loam - forested, very stony. (Colors
are for moist soil. ) -.
Oe--1 to 0 inches; black (IOYR 2/1) partially decomposed forest
litter. (0 to 2 inches thick)
A--0 to 3 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine
granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 5 percent gravel;
very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
Bwl--3 to 6 inches; dark brown (7 . 5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak
coarse granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; 5
percent gravel; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--6 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam;
weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and
medium roots; 10 percent gravel and cobbles ; very strongly acid; clear
wavy boundary.
Bw3--18 to 26 inches; licht olive brown (2 .5Y 5/4) gravelly fine
sandy loam; massive; very friable; few medium roots; 15 percent gravel
and cobbles; very stron9_y acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined
thickness of the Bw horizon is 14 to 36 inches. )
C--26 to 65 inches; grayish brown (2 . 5Y 5/2) gravelly fine sandy
loam, thin lenses of loamy sand; massive; friable, some lenses firm; few
medium roots; 25 percent gravel and cobbles; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: New Haven County, Connecticut; southeast corner of the
town of Middlebury, 450 feet south of Long Meadow Road, 50 feet west of
second class road, and 400 feet northeast of a finger of Long Meadow
Pond.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness bf the solum ranges from 20 to 38
inches. Depth to bedrock is commonly more than 6 feet. Rock fragments
range from 5 to 35 percent by volume to a depth of 40 inches and up to
50 percent below 40 inches. Except where the surface layer is stony,
the fragments are mostly subrounded gravel and typically make up 60
percent or more of the total rock fragments. Unless limed, reaction
ranges from very strongly acid through moderately acid.
The A horizon has hue of 7 .5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3 , and chrome of 1
through 3 . Disturbed pedons have an Ap horizon with value of 3 or 4 and
PAGE 02
chroma of 2 through 4 . The A or Ap horizon is sandy loam, fine sandy
loam, or loam in the fine-earth fraction. It has weak or moderate
granular structure and is friable or very friable.
Some pedons have a thin E horizon below the A horizon. It has hue of
10YR or 2 . 5Y, value of 4 through 6 , and chroma of 1 through 3 . Texture,
structure, and consistence are like the A horizon.
The upper part of the Bw horizon has hue of 7. 5YR or 10YR and value and
chroma of 4 through 6. The lower part cf the Bw horizon has hue of 10YR
or 2.5Y and value and chroma of 4 through 6. Fine-earth texture of the
Bw horizon is loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam with less than 65
percent silt plus very fine sand. It has weak granular or subangular
blocky structure, or it is massive. Consistence is friable or very
friable. Some pedons have a thin BC horizon with value and chroma like
the lower part of the Bw horizon, but includes hue of 5Y. The BC horizon
has texture, structure, and consistence like the Bw horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR through 5Y, value of 4 through 6, and
chroma of 2 through 6. Texture is loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
in the fine-earth fraction, with pockets or thin lenses of loamy sand.
The horizon is massive or it has weak plates. Consistence is very
friable to firm.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Amostown, Ashe, Bernardston,
Broadbrook, Brookfield, Cardigan, Chatfield, Cheshire, Chestnut, Ditney,
Dutchess, Edneyville, Fedscreek, Hazel, Lordstown, Maplecrest,
Marrowbone, Maymead, Montauk, Nantucket, Newport, Paxton, Pollux,
Riverhead, Satsop, Scituate, St. Albans , Steinsburg, Valois,
Wethersfield, and Yalesville series in the same family.
-Amostown and Pollux soils are underlain by stratified very fine sand or
silt within a depth of 40 inches. Ashe, Cardigan, Chatfield, Ditney,
Hazel, Lordstown, Marrowbone, Steinsburg, and Yalesville soils are 20 to
40 inches deep to bedrock. Bernardston, Broadbrook, Montauk, Nantucket,
Newport, Paxton, and Wethersfield soils have a dense substratum.
Brookfield, Cheshire, and Maplecrest soils have 5YR or redder hue in the
B horizon. Chestnut soils have weathered bedrock at a depth of 20 to 40
inches. Dutchess and St. Albans soils are dominated by rock fragments
of slate, shale, or phyllite. Edneyville soils formed in residuum and
have a C horizon of saprolite. Fedscreek soils formed in colluvium from
sedimentary rocks. Maymead soils are formed in colluvium. Riverhead
soils have a stratified sand and gravel substratum within a 40-inch
depth. Satsop soils receive 60 to 80 inches of precipitation annually.
Scituate soils have a dense substratum and are mottled in the lower part
of the B horizon. Valois soils have rock fragments dominated by
sandstone and siltstone.
The Canton, Gloucester, Narragansett, and Sutton series are similar
soils in related families. Canton and Narragansett soils have a
coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal particle-size control section.
Gloucester soils are sandy-skeletal. Sutton soils have low chroma
mottles within a 24-inch depth.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Charlton soils are nearly level to very steep soils
on till plains and upland hills. Slopes range from 0 to 50 percent.
The soils formed in acid glacial till derived mainly from schist,
gneiss, or granite. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 52
PAGE 03
degrees F. , mean annual precipitation ranges from 37 to 49 inches, and
the growing season ranges from 115 to 185 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Broadbrook,
Brookfield, Canton, Chatfield, Gloucester, Montauk, Narragansett,
Paxton, Scituate, and Sutton soils and the Acton, Essex, Hollis,
Leicester, Rainbow, Ridgebury, Wapping, Whitman, and Woodbridge soils.
The moderately well drained Sutton and the poorly drained Leicester
soils are associated in a drainage sequence. Acton and Wapping soils
are moderately well drained. Essex soils have a sandy particle-size
control section and a dense substratum. Hollis soils have bedrock
within a depth of 10 to 20 inches. Rainbow and Woodbridge soils are
moderately well drained with a dense substratum. Ridgebury soils are
poorly drained and have a dense substratum. Whitman soils are very
poorly drained with a dense substratum.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is medium to
rapid. Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid throughout.
USE AND VEGETATION: Areas cleared of stones are used for cultivated
crops, specialty crops, hay, and pasture. Many scattered areas are used
for community development. Stony areas are mostly wooded. Common trees
are red, white, and black oak, hickory, sugar maple, red maple, black
and gray birch, white ash, beech, white pine, and hemlock.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
York, and Rhode Island. The series is of large extent.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Worcester County, Massachusetts, 1922.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 3 inches (A horizon) . 2.
Cambic horizon - the zone from 3 to 26 inches (Bw horizon) . 3 .
Coarse-loamy particle-size class - the control section from 10 to 40
inches.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U. S.A.
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