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Dam Operation and Maintenance PlanT 1 n d onsultzngEngineers Environmental Specialists N-311-2-16 March 9, 1998 F1 Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Office of Dam Safety P.O. Box 173 Old Common Road Lancaster, MA 01523 Re: Fitzgerald Pond Dam Repair Northampton, MA n . Gentlemen: L 1-1 0 0 Please review the application at your earliest convenience and contact the undersigned if you should On behalf of the City of Northampton, we are submitting to you herewith two (2) copies of an Application for Authorization to Construct or Alter Reservoir, Reservoir Dam or Mill Dam. The application covers repairs to the dam crest, removal of brush, replacement of the outlet endwall, modification of the drawdown gate, rebuilding the principal spillway inlet and lining the drop inlet and discharge conduit with a stainless steel sleeve. Please refer to the plans and specifications that are made part of the application package being submitted to your office for review of details on the project. The application. form contains all information regarding the capability of the dam to pass the design flood and elevations of pertinent features of the dam. have any questions. Very truly yours, TIG BOND, INC. avid M. Lenart, P.E. Associate l fnU:V311\LTR\DML-A.DOC 1 Enclosures Copy: Wayne Feiden, AICP, Northampton Westfield Executive Park 53 Southampton Road, Westfield, MA 01085-5308. Tel 413-5621600 Fax. 413-56j-5317 J Original printed on recycled paper. 'I li 4 1 Commonwealth of Massachusetts Executive Office. of Environmental. Affairs Department ofEnvironmental. Management- P.O. Box173 FDld Common Road APPLICATION FOR AUTHORIZATION TO CONSTRUCT OR ALTER A RESERVOIR, RESERVIOR DAM OR MILL DAM I ancaster, MA 01523 [1jb17) 727-0627 Ju di i i s r ct on: -'Dam SafetyProgmm General Laws: Chapter 253,s.44 et seq. as amended by Chapter 706 of the Acts of 1975 Chapter 720 of the Acts of 1979 n ,1 The approval of the Commissioner shall not apply to sma.11 dams, constructed for irrigation or for other purposes, the breaking of which would involve no risk to life or property, not to standpipes or tanks, nor to a dam where the area draining into the pond formed thereby does not exceed one square mile; unless a the dam is more than ten feet in height above the natural bed of the stream at any point, or unless the quantity of water which n the dam impounds exceeds one million gallons. However, informa- ti b b on must e su mitted to enable the Commissioner to determine whether approval is necessary. ( l Approval of this plan does not 'release the applicant from the u requirements of Chapter 91, or Chapter 131 of the Massachusetts General Law. a . 'I 11111I L_7 I i_ r, I `J L (-1 lJ U L.1 i Part "A" JURISDICTIONAL DETERMINATION (check. the- appropriate column). _ 1. Is there a risk to life and property downstream in the event of failure? 2. Does the area draining into the pond exceed one square mile ? 3. Does the height of the dam exceed 10 ft. above the natural bed of the stream at any point? 41- Does the volumn of water impounded at maximum pool level exceed one million gallons? Yes No X X X X If. the answer to any one of. the above questions is Yes, then the Commissioner of Department of Environmental Management has jurisdic- tion. Proceed with Part B of this application. If the answers to all four of the above questions are No, please submit backup information fora review by this Department for our jurisdictional determination. The backup information should include at least: a. A copy of a topographic map clearly indicating the location of the dam and the effective drainage area. b. A sketch showing the maximum section of the dam indicating its height, as measured from the lowest point of the streambed. c. Calculations for the volume of water impounded at the maximum design pool level. d. A brief statement pertaining to downstream. conditions with respect to risk to life and property. e. The signature of applicant and engineer. -3- 'lJ (-l ~l lJ U J J. l n Part; "B" GENERAL INFORMATION 1. Location (City-Town): City of Northampton 2. Detailed description of dam location: The dam is located in the City of Northampton on a tributary to Broad Brook and about 4000' east of North Farms Road, along the tributary. See locus plan - Attachment A. 3. Present or Prospective Owner(s): Name(s) City of.Northampton Street 210 Main Street State Zip City/Town Northampton, MA 01060 Telephone 1-413-586-6950 4. Name of U.S. Geological Survey Map Quadrangle: Easthampton, MA 5. Name of Reservoir or Waterway: Fitzgerald Pond 6. Is there specific legislative authority to construct the dam? Yes ( ) Indentify No (X ) 7. Purpose. for the dam: Recreation 8. Nature of the work: Proposed dam ( ) Alteration of existing dam. ( ) Major repair of. existing dam M Regular maintenance. ( ) If checked go to Part. "C" -4- Part "B" (continued) HAZARD EVALUATION (Downstream Field Investigation) 1. The estimated number- of people that could be affected by over topping or failure of the structure, and to what degree they would be affected. Overtopping or failure of Fitzgerald Pond Dam would not affect any people due to the downstream area being unoccupied and the flood surge would be dissipated before reaching populated areas. 2. The number of properties (homes, buildings etc.) and the esti- mated extent of damage by overtopping or failure. Other than flooding of wetlands and the stream bed, no homes or.buildings would be damaged. 3. Roads (type) or other structures that could be affected by overtopping or failure. No roads or other structures would be affected before the flood surge would be dissipated. 4. Additional Information: N/A -5- .Part "B" (continued) i HYDROLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS Procedures for hydrologic design as contained in the latest edi- tion of the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation "Design of Small Dams". 1. Peak Outflow 250.29(1) c.f.s.. 2. Design Storm Duration 24 hr. (100 yr. event)(2) 3. 'Rainfall Intensity 4.5(3) "/hr. . Percent Runoff 666 2,97 inches. 4. Contributory Drainage Area 1.61(6) sq. mi. (Attach a copy of U.S. Topographic Map with the outline of the drainage divide). Refer to Attachment C. 5. Previous Known Flood of Record .(month) August (year) 1955 6. Design Maximum Flood. Level.Elevation 99.39' 7. Additional Information: Maximum flood level will be 0.39 ft. over emergency spillway elevation 99.0 ft. (1)Based on TR-20 results attached. (2) Spillway design flood determined from Section 10 Dam Safety, •302 CMR: Department of Environmental Management (December 1, 1993); Refer to Attachment B for the TR-.20 results. (3) Rainfall intensity based on tc of 0.48 hours. (4) The value given is the composite curve.number. (5)Based on the SCS runoff equation. (6) Fitzgerald Pond surface area not included. I. 1 l_ l r~ . I l__l I~ I IJ J LJ ~J i.J . Part "B" (continued) -6- k DESIGN CRITERIA 1. Datum used: (a) M.S.L~ of 1929 N/A (b) Assumed Assumed (c) Other N/A 2. Maximum height of the dam 9.5 ft. (a) Top elevation of dam 101.5 (b) Top elevation of spillway 96.5 (Principal) 99.0 (Emergency) 3,1 Volume of water impounded, at maximum design pool level. 140,000,000 (420 AF). gallons 4. Present river bed or channel elevation @ dam 82.0 5. Normal pool elev. 96.5 surface area 42 acres ± ac. 6.. Maximum pool elev. 99.39 surface area 50 acres t ac. 7. Type of structure (earth, concrete, etc.) Earth fill dam with side channel emergency spillway 8. Crest width 15 ft. 9. Freeboard, as measured from the maximum design pool level 101.50 - 99.39 = 2.11 ft. 10. Length of principal spillway 66.0 in. diameter 11. Description of principal spillway 66.0 in. diameter Drop inlet with galvanized debris shield.. -7- i Part "B" (cont.inued.) Design Criteria 12. Emergency spillway Yes ( X) No ( ) If yes, describe- 60 ft. long; 20 ft. crest width grass limed 13. Gates- Yes ( X ) Number 1 Size 18 in. No ( ) 14. Nature of slope protection (riprap, vegetated etc.) riprap upstream/grass downstream. 15. Stop log structure(s) Yes ( ) Mechanical ( ) Manual ( No (X ) 4 SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATION Boring logs, analysis and recommendations to accompany this application Borings not carried out due to nature of repairs. CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS Names & addresses of property owners for all parcels of land within the flowage area must be clearly indicated on the plan. Submit 2 copies.with this application. City of Northampton, MA See Plans and Specifications under separate cover. y I 'I i r~ I I-~ l _J l_) LJ it J r~ -8- Part "5" (continued) SIGNATURE SHEET APPLICANT Name City of Northampton Street 210 Main Street - City Hall City/Town Northampton State MA Zip 01060 Telephone 1-413-586-6950 Signature Date Wayne Feiden, AICP DESIGN ENGINEER Name Tighe & Bond, Inc. - Street 53 Southampton Road City/Town Westfield State MA Zip 01085 Telephone 1-413- 2-1600 Signature Date-3-5 9~ David M. Lenart, Y.E. *Engineer's Stamp must be included. Upon receipt of this required apllication a prompt determination will be made on issuing a. permit to proceed. Conditions of such a permit will be contingent upon the nature of proposed work. *ENGINEER'S STAMP: r,~eA iii: fVV. G7„/ y~v } cjvJ / )/919f r1 r1 i I~ L_I 11 L (l~ ~I J J -9- i Part "Cn REGULAR MAINTENANCE. PROJECT CONSISTS OF REPAIR If the proposed work involves regular maintenance~_act.ivities. (i.e. The proposed work does not. mater.ia.ll.y alter- the dam..) a.: permit. % is not required.. Typical maintenance activities include, but are not limited to the following items. Please indicate the nature of proposed maintenance and return the complete application. Use additional paper if necessary. NO YES Surface cracks? Slumping or'cracking on the upstream or downstream side? Erosion from runoff, wave action or traffic? Embankment/spillway seepage? Water muddy? Top of dam settled? Loss of riprap? Tress, brush,. or burrows on embankment? Spillways blocked? Exposed metal rusty? Concrete deterioration or cracks? Cracks or. uneven movement? Scour? Pipe joint separation? Gates operational? Trash racks blocked? r-l ~i r- I~ i i [1 L~ ~J U r_J I~ i i~. I~ J -10- LOCATION OF PROPERTY 1. Location (City-Town) City of Northampton, MA, 2. Registry of Deeds Book 1951 Page 261 /3. Locus Map; please- attach. See Locus. Map in Attachment A. -A. I 0 I] r- n L i TR-20 Fitzgerald Lake Flood Routing -100 Year Storm F] Northampton, Massachusetts ******************80-80 LIST OF INPUT DATA FOR TR-20 HYDROLOGY****************** JOB TR-20 FULLPRINT SUMMARY TITLE 001 FITZGERALD LAKE FLOOD ROUTING FILE: N-311-2-16 TITLE MARCH 03, 1998 l 5 RAINFL 7 0.1 8 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 8 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.009 7-1 8 0.010 0.011 0.012 0.013 0.014 1 ~ 8 0.015 0.016 0.017 0.018 0.019 - 8 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.023 0.024 8 0.026 0.027 0.028 0.029 0.030 8 0.031 0.032 0.034 0.035 0.036 8 0.037 0.038 0.040 0.041 0.042 8 0.043 0.045 0.046 0.047 0.049 8 0.050 0.051 0.053 0.054 0.055 8 0.057 0.058 0.060 0.061 0.063 i 8 0.064 0.066 0.067 0.069 0.070 _ 8 0.072 0.074 0.075 0.077 0.079 8 0.080 0.082 0.084 0.085 0.087 8 0.089 0.091 0.093 0.095 0.097 I 8 0.100 0.103 0.106 0.109 0.112 LI 8 0.115 0.118 0.121 0.124 0.127 8 0.130 0.134 0.137 0.140 0.144 8 0.148 0.151 0.155 0.159 0.163 8 0.167 0.171 0.176 0.180 0.185 8 0.189 0.194 0.199 0.205 0.210 8 0.216 0.222 0.228 0.235 0.242 8 0.250 0.258 0.266 0.276 0.287 8 0.298 0.312 0.328 0.363 0.416 8 0.500 0.584 0.638 0.673 0.689 8 0.702 0.714 0.725 0.734 0.743 8 0.751 0.758 0.766 0.772 0.779 8 0.785 0.790 0.796 0.801 0.806 8 0.811 0.816 0.821 0.825 0.829 8 0.834 0.838 0.842 0.845 0.849 8 0.853 0.857 0.860 0.864 0.867 8 0.870 0.874 0.877 0.880 0.883 8 0.886 0.889 0.892 0.895 0.898 I I 8 0.900 0.903 0.906 0.908 0.910 h ' 8 0.911 0.913 0.915 0.917 0.919 8 0.920 0.922 0.924 0.925 0.927 8 0.929 0.930 0.932 0.933 0.935 8 0.936 0.938 0.939 0.941 0.942 8 0.944 0.945 0.946 0.948 0.949 8 0.951 0.952 0.953 0.955 0.956 8 0.957 0.958 0.960 0.961 0.962 l 8 .0.963 0.965 0.966 0.967 0.968 1 **********************80-80 LIST OF INPUT DATA (CONTINUED)********************** 8 0.969 0.971 0.972 0.973 0.974 8 0.975 0.976 0.977 0.978 0.979 8 0.981 0.982 0.983 0.984 0.985 8 0.986 0.987 0.988 0.989 0.990 8 0.991 0.992 0.993 0.994 0.995 Type III Rainfall Distribution c m w 42 L RS O ~ .Fa O d~ O O L L Q L L L ya? 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SHEET OF Tighe&Bond CLIENT s Consulting Engineers SUBJECT t~C7aerWU C~ TU't31 +,,,nr Clk I Emdronmenta SpeciaE3t$ PREPARED BY V j~ DATE CHECKED BY DATE PC-. 11 ~ " G~O~~ (~lC7et Jt'ilj c'_C(u&6, ) Z l mil= (P- U,~ S> 1 = (-L inks CN = (,L.% S= Imo' GN ✓ Cam, lcx~c~ _ ~U = 77 ,12 (G,( t O'S (Y, 97)) C Gnl - T'G = I.0bo (IQ - 31, `l3 /G,-sS Z11 in, ^i.Jly i~ - Chapter 2: Estimating runoff 1~ I SCS Runoff Curve I4umber method The SCS Runoff Curve Number (CN) method is i~ described in detail in NEH-4 (SCS 1985). The SCS n runoff equation is ~J Q = (P - I.)? [Eq. 2-11 (P - Ia+S where Q = runoff (in), P =rainfall (in), S = potential maximum retention after runoff begins (in), and % = initial abstraction (in). Initial abstraction (I0 is all losses before runoff begins. It includes water retained in surface depressions, water intercepted by vegetation, evaporation, and infiltration. Ia is highly variable but generally is correlated with soil and cover parameters. Through studies of many small 11 agricultural watersheds, Ia was found to be X approximated by the following empirical equation: Ia = 0.2S. [Eq. 2-21 By removing Ia as an independent parameter, this I- approximation allows use of a combination of S and P Ili to produce a unique runoff amount. Substituting equation 2-2 into equation 2-1 gives Q = (P - 02S)2 [Eq. 2.31 (P + 0.8S) ' S is related to the soon and cover conditions of the . watershed through the CN. CN has a range of 0 to 100, and S is related to CN by a] i ~l S = 1000 - 10. [Eq. 2-41 CN Figure 2-1 and table 2-1 solve equations 2-3 and-2-4 for a range of CN's and rainfall. Factors considered in determining runoff curve numbers The major factors that determine CN are the hydrologic soil group (HSG), cover type, treatment, hydrologic condition, -and antecedent runoff condition (ARC). Another factor considered is whether impervious areas outlet directly to the drainage system (connected) or whether the flow spreads over pervious areas before entering the drainage system (unconnected). Figure 2-2 is provided to aid in selecting the appropriate figure or table for determining curve numbers. CN's in table 2.2 (a to a) represent average antecedent runoff condition for urban, cultivated agricultural, other agricultural, and and and semiarid rangeland uses. Table 2-2 assumes impervious areas are directly connected. The following sections explain how to determine CN's and.how to modify them for urban conditions. Hydrologic soil groups Infiltration rates of soils vary widely and are affected by subsurface permeability as well as surface intake rates. Soils are classified into four HSG's (A, B, C. and D) according to their minimum infiltration rate, which is obtained for bare soil after prolonged wetting. Appendix A defines the four groups and provides a List of most of the soils in the United States and their group classification. The soils in the area of interest may be identified from a soon survey report,.which can be obtained from local SCS offices or soil and water conservation district offices. Most urban areas are only partially covered by impervious surfaces: the soil remains an important factor in runoff estimates. Urbanization has a greater effect on runoff in watersheds with soils having hien infiltration rates (sands and gravels) than in watersheds predominantly of silts and clays, which generally have low infiltration rates. Any disturbance of a soil profile can significantly change its infiltration characteristics. With urbanization, native soil profiles may be mined or removed or fill material from other areas maybe introduced. Therefore, a method based on soil 2-1 (210-VI-TR-55, Second Ed., June 1986) t -r Chapter 4: Graphical Peak Discharge method This chapter presents the Graphical Peak Discharge method for computing peak discharge from rural and urban areas. The Graphical method was developed from hydrograph analyses using TR-20, "Computer Program for Project Formulation-Hydrology" (SCS 1983). The peak discharge equation used is qp = quAmQFp [Eq. 4-1] where qp = peak discharge (cfs); qu = unit peak discharge (csm/in); Am = drainage area (mi'); Q = runoff (in); and Fp = pond and swamp adjustment factor. The input requirements for the Graphical method are as follows: (1) T, (hr), (2) drainage area (mM, (3) appropriate rainfall distribution (I, IA, II, or III), (4) 24-hour rainfall (in), and (5) CN. If pond and swamp areas are spread throughout the watershed and are not considered in the T, computation. an adjustment for pond and swamp areas is also needed. Peak discharge computation For a selected rainfall frequency, the 24-hour rainfall (P) is obtained from appendix E or more detailed local precipitation mans. C\ and total runoff (Q) for the watershed are computed accordincr to the methods outlined in chapter 2. The CINT is used to determine the initial abstraction (IJ from table 4-1. Id/P is then computed. If the computed I„/P ratio is outside the range shown in exhibit 4 (4-I, 4-IA, 4-II, and 4-III) for the rainfall distribution of interest, then the limiting value should be used. If the ratio falls between the limiting values, use linear interpolation. Figure 4-1 illustrates the sensitivity of I;,/P to CN and P. Peak discharge per square mile per inch of runoff (clu) is obtained from exhibit 4-I, 4-IA, 4-11, or 4-III by using T, (chapter 3), rainfall distribution type, and I:JP ratio. The pond and su-amp adjustment factor is obtained from table 4-2 (rounded to the nearest table value). Use worksheet 4 in appendix D ,to aid in computing the peak discharge using the Graphical method. 1.0 .8 .6 Figure 4-1.-Variation of I„/Y for Y and CN. Table 4-1.-I,, values for runoff curve numbers Curve I Curve i, number (in) number (in) 40 3.000 70 0.65- 41 -08-18 71 0.817 42 2.762 72 0.178 43 2.651 73 0.740 44 2.545 74 0.70 3 45 2.444 75 0.661 46 2.348 76 0.6::2 47 2..-5 7t 0.5117 48 167 78 0.564 41) ' 0,52 79 0.5::2 50 2.000 80 0.500 51 81 0.46.9 52 1.84G 82 0.439 53 1. 7 4 83 0.410 54 1.704 84 0.381 55 1.(i 6 85 0.3:]3 1.571 86 57 1.509 87 0:?'15i 58 1.448 t?~ 0 55) 1.:3510 80 0-147 60 570 0 61 1-279 511 0.198 62 19116 92 0.174 (i3 1.175 51:3 0.151 64 1.125 514 0.125 65 1.07-1 1 95 0.105 (iii 1.0:30 96 0.0.1V) 67 0.985 517 0.0U- 68 0'1.11 578 0.041 69 0.891) (210-VI-TR-55, Second Ed., June N86) 4-1 - r 0 I ] 5 ) 9 11 1] 15 Wnfall (P). Inches . - - ' r _ _ ' _ I r- ' ' Y I N Il i•- / c r I I I I I ~ •I I ~ ~ I I / / I I : ~ I I I I ~ ~ ~ I ~ I I I I I. I I I I I ~ I I I 1 / I ' I I I I I . I I I / I I. 1 I f I • I I I" I I I I I I I I _ I I I I ~ i I I I 1 i~ •I I I ,I' I I i- ,I•~ I ~I I 'I ~I' •i ~I I I ' I I I I . : • - / J I I ~ I ~ i ~ I I I I t ~ I • ~ ~ I I I I• I I 1 1 I t l i I ,I I I I I I I I I I I .I ' I E-H r---1.--__ - - 5 ~ 7 T - - - = l• ' I _ I I I ' I I_ I _ _ I I I I 1 I 1 1 I I • \ ~ f~ ~ L'7 C P7 ' ~ ~ -Y L Z u G _ 0 V I ~ I L'7 ! ~ I f^1 N City of Northampton, Massachusetts Office of Planning and Development City Hall • 210 Main Street Northampton, MA 01060 • (413) 586 -6950 FAX (413) 586 -3726 • Community and Economic Development • Conservation • Historic Preservation • Planning Board • Zoning Board of Appeals • Northampton Parking Commission Contact Person: FITZGERALD LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN FITZGERALD LAKE CONSERVATION AREA CONSERVATION COMMISSION IN COOPERATION WITH THE BROAD BROOK COALITION, INC. CITY OF NORTHAMPTON Adopted by the Conservation Commission: January 13, 1997 Wayne Feiden Office of Planning and Development City of Northampton City Hall, 210 Main Street Northampton, MA 01060 (413) 586 -6950 ORIGINAL PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER Location on Lake Depth Temperature Oxygen Secchi disk pH 1 Narrowest point (east end) 1 meter 12.2° C 9.6 Mg /L 0.8 meters 7.0 Narrowest point (east end) 2.5 meters 12.0° C 10.2 Mg /L - -- - -- Northern edge (hit bottom) 2.5 meters 10.7° C 7.3 Mg /L 0.8 meters - -- Center (bend in lake) 1 meter 12.2° C 12.29 Mg /L - -- - -- Center (bend in lake) 2.5 meters 12.2° C 10.13 Mg /L - -- - -- West side (north of stream) 1 meter 12.1 ° C 9.82 Mg /L 0.5 meters 6.9 West (north of stream, hit bottom) 2 meters 12.2 ° C 4 Mg /L - -- - -- WATER ®TTAT,TTY DATA Water quality data was collected on October 19, 1996. We dropped a dissolved oxygen/temperature probe and a Secchi -disk from a kayak at various locations in the lake and collected pH samples. Given the shallow bottom at Fitzgerald Lake, it is unclear whether a thermocline develops in the lake. On October 19, 1996, with surface temperatures dropping and strong wind, there was no clear thermocline. As a result, with strong wind action, oxygen was relatively mixed throughout the lake profile. Except the very bottom of the lake, where the probe was hitting the lake bottom, oxygen levels were high. RJOT,OGTCAT, RF,SOURC1 S According to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program, the only identified state - listed rare species at Fitzgerald Lake is the Spotted Turtle (Clemmys guttata). The Spotted Turtle considered a species of Special Concern under the Massachusetts Endangered Species Act. Rediscovering Northampton: The Natural History of City -Owned Conservation Area by Laurie Sanders (prepared for the Northampton Conservation Commission in December 1993 with DEM Greenways and Wharton Trust funding) includes a partial inventory of plant and animal life in the Fitzgerald Lake Conservation Area. Cattails dominate the inlet cove and several other coves (Typha latifolia). A variety of other aquatic plants exist in the lake, including three types of pondweed (Potamogeton amplifolius, P. ephihdrys, P. foliosus), a diminutive bladderwort (Utricularia minor), a spatterdock lily (Nuphar advena) and extensive patches of an uncommon water lily known as water shield (Brasenia schreberi). At the edge of lake on the wettest muds are burreed (Sparganium androcladum), arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia), and grass -like plants (Eleocharis). There are also a variety of Page 1 grasses, sedges and rushes. Animals that spend a significant part of their life in the lake include pumpkinseeds (a fish), bass, water snakes, green frogs, red - spotted newts and painted turtles. Two or three beaver lodges support a healthy beaver population in the lake (with far more beaver found downstream in a large wetland). Muskrat and otter have been reported in the lake, and a wide variety of upland mammals visit the edge of the lake. Ducks and geese visit the lake in large numbers, especially during fall and spring migrations. MAPS The maps at the end of this plan identify the Fitzgerald Lake and its watershed: The first Fitzgerald Lake Watershed: Lake Management Plan map shows Fitzgerald Lake and the entire watershed, with topography in five -foot contour intervals. The second map, also titled Fitzgerald Lake Watershed: Lake Management Plan zooms in on the lake and shows the lake and its surrounding wetlands. It shows the contours from a 1964 air photo interpretation. These contours do not reflect a deeper channel that extends from the center of the lake to the eastern edge of the lake where Broad Brook flowed before the lake was created. A geographic information system analysis of this map shows that the lake is 41.6 acres and holds approximately 245.5 acre feet of water (16.3 acres average 2.5 feet of water + 22.3 acres average 7.5 feet of water +3 acres average 12.5 feet of water= 10,693,980 cubic feet). The third map is from the USDA's Soil Conservation Service's Soil Survey of Hampshire County, Massachusetts, Central Part. It shows the soils surrounding the lake and throughout the watershed. The final map Fitzgerald Lake Watershed: Zoning and Landuse shows the zoning districts, sewer lines, and buildings within the watershed, including buildings on properties abutting the lake and its tributaries. i,AKF, /WATF,RSHF,D HISTORY Harold Fitzgerald created Fitzgerald Lake 1965 when he built a dam on the Broad Brook, flooding 41 acres of the brook, marsh, wooded swamp and upland forest. Mr. Fitzgerald originally built the dam to support his planned housing development, but he later bargain -sold the 110 -acre property to the Northampton Conservation Commission for permanent protection as a conservation area. The Conservation Commission has since acquired more property bringing this conservation area to almost 500 acres, although only about 160 acres of the current conservation area is is within the watershed of the lake. Fitzgerald Lake Conservation Area includes all of the lake and its shore. There is a wheelchair - accessible trail and boardwalk from a parking lot to the lake, but because the trail is 2/10 of a Page 2 mile, large and heavy boats are not used on the lake. The lake is used for fishing, canoes and other small boats, ice skating and skiing, and general passive enjoyment. Slightly less than half the watershed is developed in urban uses, primarily single family homes. The urban parts of the watershed includes a middle school, a recreation field, two cemeteries, and part of a U.S. Veterans Administration Hospital. The remainder of the watershed is primarily rural. Forest cover dominates, although there is some limited farmland and some suburban and rural housing. The watershed is part of Hatfield's water supply (Zone III of their Roaring Gutter well). In the past ten years, there has been very little management of the lake itself. Lake access has been developed with a boardwalk through a bordering marsh and into the lake. Trails have been repaired to prevent erosion, and there has been some limited maintenance of the dam. In the watershed, the most important management practice was the creation of a water supply protection zoning overlay approximately six years ago. This overlay reduced the allowable density of new housing developments by fifty percent. LAKE PROBLEM AND CAUSES The Conservation Commission and Broad Brook Coalition have identified the following as possible problems at Fitzgerald Lake. Some of these problems are very well documented (e.g. Fitzgerald Lake dam) others are areas of concern where more data is needed before we can determine if there is a real problem (e.g. salt from road runoff). Water Quality: Concerned about runoff from North Farms Road and urbanized areas within the watershed including salt and heavy metals from road runoff, and nutrients from non -point source pollution. Plant Infestation: Concerned about eutrophication of the lake, especially from duckweed and from invasive plants and animals that may be carried to the lake by boaters. The shallow northwestern cove of the lake, by two of the three major inlets to the lake, appears to be slowly filling in with sediment, but it also appears that the wetland in that inlet is successfully trapping most of the nutrients and sediment entering the lake. Algal Blooms: The lake has some algal growth, but does not yet have significant blooms. Sediment and nutrients entering the lake from non -point sources certainly creates the risk of significant blooms. User Conflicts: User conflicts are relatively minimal (especially with the relocation of the parking lot and access in 1996). Dirt bikes and ATV's on the dam are creating some erosion problems on the dam. Before the relocation of the parking lot, vandalism at the parking lot was a problem. We have some concern that, given the current design of the dam, vandals could damage the dam outlet structure. In addition, in some areas, we have found shoreline erosion problems from people walking along the edge of the lake. Page 3 Lake Bottom Changes: Except for the eutrophication in the northwestern cove, there is no evidence that the lake bottom is changing. Changes in Fisheries: We do not have historical information to know if there have been significant changes in fisheries. Again, nutrients entering the lake could change the fish population of the lake. Shallowness: Fitzgerald Lake has always been a shallow lake. The only area where this creates any problems is in the northwest corner of the lake where a boardwalk provides access to the lake. Other: The most significant problem at Fitzgerald Lake is the integrity of the dam that created the lake. The earthen dam is thirty -one years old and desperately needs capital improvements. The City recently funded engineering work necessary for these repairs, but has been unable to obtain funds to begin this work. We can either repair the dam in steps or all at once. The dam needs an improved access road, repairs to the dam crest, removal of vegetation from the dam, repairs to an outlet headwall, a relined outlet structure, and repairs to the emergency spillway. In addition, until we repair the dam there is a greater risk that beavers could block the dam outlet structure. WATERSHED PROBT,EMS Nonpoint Source Pollution Profile: Stormwater from all surface roads, especially North Farm Road where it crosses Broad Brook. Septic systems from the North Farms Road area. Lawn chemicals and nutrients from throughout the watershed. Farm run off from North Farms Road. Possible cemetery chemical waste. Possible waste and hazardous waste dumping. Point Source Pollution Profile: No known point sources in watershed. LA iE ANI> WATERSHED MANAG. {E MEN _ GQALS (in ordero de reasing priority) 1. Preserve and enhance the diversity of habitats and species. Generally, encourage natural succession, however, preserve and restore both the Fitzgerald Lake dam and existing meadows and shrublands along the lake. 2. Maintain the integrity of aquatic and terrestrial habitats. 3. Encourage outreach to new users, conservation education, and ecological research. 4. Provide access for recreational users that are compatible with above goals, including access to the lake. Page 4 T,AKF AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT ACTIONS 1. Secure steady stream of funding, including possible endowment, to insure long -term management capabilities 2. Encourage educational campaign for people who live near or use the resource, so users can understand and respect the resource. 3. Repair the Fitzgerald Lake dam to insure the lake and its ecosystem survive through the next century. 4. Reduce road runoff and non -point source pollution to reduce sediment and nutrients reaching the lake, especially runoff from North Farms Road by the Broad Brook. 5. Continue to acquire sensitive land abutting Fitzgerald Lake Conservation Area, in accordance with the recommendations in Northampton's Open Space and Recreation Plan. 6. Carefully examine user conflicts, especially those caused by motorized and to a lesser extent no- motorized, vehicles within the conservation area. 7. Collect base data on in -lake water quality and especially on benthic organisms to allow us to chart long -terms changes in the lake's condition. C: I WFfileslWPfileslFitzgerald Lake Cons. Areallake management plan Janumy 14, 1997 Page 5